feat(挑战): 这节课做完了给「还能挑战」，挑战中编辑器顶上一条紫色的，老师看板上看得出谁在挑战

做完这节课（或题库里自己做对）之后列出还能挑战的题；去挑战后编辑器顶上写着要求，
没做到标出是哪几行，做到了写本班第几个、全站第几个。课堂看板做到的格子贴一枚紫色筹码、
在挑战的加一圈紫边，题卡片写挑战成功几人。出题页多一块「挑战」，能从做对的代码里找候选。

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

apps/api/src/db/0038_add_challenges.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+CREATE TABLE "challenge_success" (
+	"id" integer PRIMARY KEY GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY (sequence name "challenge_success_id_seq" INCREMENT BY 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 2147483647 START WITH 1 CACHE 1),
+	"user_id" integer NOT NULL,
+	"problem_id" integer NOT NULL,
+	"challenge_id" text NOT NULL,
+	"submission_id" text NOT NULL,
+	"created_at" timestamp with time zone NOT NULL,
+	CONSTRAINT "challenge_success_user_challenge_unique" UNIQUE("user_id","problem_id","challenge_id")
+);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE "problem" ADD COLUMN "challenges" jsonb;--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE "challenge_success" ADD CONSTRAINT "challenge_success_user_id_fk_user_id" FOREIGN KEY ("user_id") REFERENCES "public"."user"("id") ON DELETE no action ON UPDATE no action;--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE "challenge_success" ADD CONSTRAINT "challenge_success_problem_id_fk_problem_id" FOREIGN KEY ("problem_id") REFERENCES "public"."problem"("id") ON DELETE cascade ON UPDATE no action;--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE "challenge_success" ADD CONSTRAINT "challenge_success_submission_id_fk_submission_id" FOREIGN KEY ("submission_id") REFERENCES "public"."submission"("id") ON DELETE cascade ON UPDATE no action;--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE INDEX "challenge_success_problem_idx" ON "challenge_success" USING btree ("problem_id","challenge_id","created_at");

apps/api/src/db/0039_seed_challenges.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+-- 2026-10-25 第一批挑战：课上被 4 个以上班布置过的题里，从做对的代码挖出、逐条看过例子定下的 73 条
+-- （56 道题）。只填还没配过挑战的题；谁已经做到了由 api 启动后 services/challenge.ts 拿历史提交补。
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"d0b6eeb8","wording":"用 map() 读入两个数","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"map"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1044' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"b4844e67","wording":"用 f-string 拼出这句话","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"f_string"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1087' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"2a157045","wording":"用循环打印出旗帜","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"for_loop"},{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":2}]},{"id":"a72f48d6","wording":"整面旗只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1052' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"b8f41dd4","wording":"用 f-string 保留两位小数","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"f_string"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '4007' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"ea1be4b2","wording":"用 if-elif-else 写","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"elif_clause"}]},{"id":"d46a661a","wording":"每段台词只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":3}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1047' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"fba3b158","wording":"全题只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1035' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"8df071eb","wording":"用 map() 一次读两个数","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"map"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3018' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"c01df2d3","wording":"整首歌只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1080' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"5409669d","wording":"用 f-string 保留四位小数","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"f_string"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1046' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"192b2fda","wording":"用 f-string 套公式","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"f_string"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2020' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"c91d60aa","wording":"三条规定只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1051' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"498feb32","wording":"只用 1 次 print 写完","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1083' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"b9cb3d4e","wording":"用列表查出几转","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"list_literal"},{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":2}]},{"id":"822bf287","wording":"不用 if，只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1058' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"56dda53b","wording":"用 while 循环写 101 次","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"while_loop"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1099' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"f9e79693","wording":"用 for 和 range 写完","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"for_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"while_loop"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2032' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"5c67590d","wording":"只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1089' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"b4003e97","wording":"用 for 循环再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"for_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"while_loop"}]},{"id":"3c2fc363","wording":"用 while 循环再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"while_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"for_loop"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1084' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"6dd5a3cd","wording":"用字典查出教规","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"dict_literal"}]},{"id":"76fc381d","wording":"只用 2 次 print 写完","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":2}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1054' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"9e82648b","wording":"用 len() 判断几位数","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"len"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2075' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"318c2371","wording":"不用 if，再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2073' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"5cdb6fa8","wording":"不用 if，再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1022' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"35e8ebb4","wording":"不用循环，夸 n 遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"for_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"while_loop"}]},{"id":"73f9af3b","wording":"用 while 循环写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"while_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"for_loop"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1016' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"210fb5da","wording":"用字典查出歌名","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"dict_literal"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '5015' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"561c2021","wording":"用字典存五种形态","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"dict_literal"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '9030' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"a0e03f18","wording":"只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3031' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"62dd1388","wording":"用 f-string 保留两位小数","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"f_string"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1025' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"e90bae2e","wording":"用 f-string 保留两位小数","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"f_string"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3026' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"c8d6ef22","wording":"用 count() 数出个数","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_method","target":"count"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2038' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"7d1f0479","wording":"用 f-string 保留两位小数","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"f_string"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '9021' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"C":[{"id":"fbd744ac","wording":"用 for 循环再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"for_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"while_loop"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1059' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"edd54861","wording":"不用 if，再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2071' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"5e3eb176","wording":"用 for 循环再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"for_loop"}]},{"id":"60e19d6b","wording":"用 f-string 保留两位小数","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"f_string"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1098' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"96900c74","wording":"用 while 循环再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"while_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"for_loop"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '7002' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"3578ecf6","wording":"用 .replace() 一步换好","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_method","target":"replace"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3070' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"07b26542","wording":"不用 if，再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]},{"id":"e1b569e2","wording":"用字典查出答案","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"dict_literal"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2039' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"C":[{"id":"87935a21","wording":"用 for 循环算出总和","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"for_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"while_loop"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1041' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"40ed6ec6","wording":"不用 if，再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2066' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"50a17686","wording":"用列表推导式筛出来","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"list_comprehension"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3033' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"a652c5f8","wording":"用列表推导式筛出来","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"list_comprehension"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3034' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"2f1e618f","wording":"用 sum() 一步求和","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"sum"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"for_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"while_loop"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1018' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"7f7a98be","wording":"用列表推导式转大写","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"list_comprehension"}]},{"id":"4c5ecedc","wording":"用 replace() 换掉逗号","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_method","target":"replace"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3075' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"d9cb6be1","wording":"用 f-string 写算式","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"f_string"}]},{"id":"224c2ae6","wording":"4 行只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1007' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"5b76324a","wording":"用 sum() 求总和","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"sum"}]},{"id":"f61a47ae","wording":"用 map() 一次读三个数","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"map"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3051' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"a5245180","wording":"不用 if，再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]},{"id":"f70990b6","wording":"用列表下标取出枪意","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"list_literal"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1086' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"84fa94c8","wording":"不用 if，再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]},{"id":"579e40c5","wording":"用列表推导式筛出来","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"list_comprehension"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3035' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"5892a636","wording":"用列表推导式数偶数","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"list_comprehension"}]},{"id":"b48b1336","wording":"用 sum() 数出奇偶个数","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"sum"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3032' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"328d6a02","wording":"写一个函数算出打鱼还是晒网","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"function_definition"}]},{"id":"b583525a","wording":"只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1001' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"88d9a3b6","wording":"用 abs() 让负数也判对","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"abs"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2074' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"e8394da9","wording":"不用循环，加上感叹号","rules":[{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"for_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"while_loop"}]},{"id":"d105cbe5","wording":"用列表推导式加感叹号","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"list_comprehension"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1085' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"dd4b7b1e","wording":"用自定义函数换算分钟","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"function_definition"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1003' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"7b46949e","wording":"四行只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3028' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"e5b04d3b","wording":"用 map() 读入两个数","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"map"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2044' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"0b108eaa","wording":"用 for 循环加各位","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"for_loop"},{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"int","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3061' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"0774ee1c","wording":"用 sum() 算总分","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"sum"}]},{"id":"150a618a","wording":"用 map() 一次读四门","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"map"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3055' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"8d814fb4","wording":"用 while 循环再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"while_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"for_loop"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2078' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"29baa412","wording":"不用 if，再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1045' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;

apps/api/src/db/meta/_journal.json

@@ -267,6 +267,20 @@
       "when": 1792494707274,
       "tag": "0037_add_user_token_version",
       "breakpoints": true
+    },
+    {
+      "idx": 38,
+      "version": "7",
+      "when": 1792930010361,
+      "tag": "0038_add_challenges",
+      "breakpoints": true
+    },
+    {
+      "idx": 39,
+      "version": "7",
+      "when": 1792930018504,
+      "tag": "0039_seed_challenges",
+      "breakpoints": true
     }
   ]
 }

apps/api/src/db/schema.ts

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ import type {
   HintDiagnosis,
   JudgeStatus,
   LessonLanguage,
+  ProblemChallenges,
   ProblemDifficulty,
   ProblemLanguage,
   ProblemPermission,
@@ -570,6 +571,8 @@ export const problem = pgTable(
     mermaidCode: text("mermaid_code"),
     showFlowchart: boolean("show_flowchart").default(false).notNull(),
     astRules: jsonb("ast_rules").$type<AstRules>(),
+    /** 做对之后的挑战，按语言分组。写入侧在 admin/problem.ts 校验，见契约 challengeSchema */
+    challenges: jsonb().$type<ProblemChallenges>(),
     sqlConfig: jsonb("sql_config").$type<SqlConfig>(),
     sqlDisplay: jsonb("sql_display").$type<SqlDisplay>(),
   },
@@ -1467,3 +1470,59 @@ export const classLesson = pgTable(
     }).onDelete("cascade"),
   ],
 )
+
+/**
+ * 谁做到了哪条挑战（problem.challenges 里的 id）。一人一条挑战一行，记第一次做到的那份提交。
+ *
+ * 两条路写进来：判题时做对的提交顺手判一遍（judge/run.ts），以及新加一条挑战时拿历史上
+ * 做对的代码补一遍（services/challenge.ts）—— 后者的 created_at 也是那份提交的时刻，
+ * 所以「本班第几个、全站第几个做到」按它排，补的和新做的一个口径。
+ *
+ * 外键：提交、题目没了，从它算出来的这一行也就没意义了，CASCADE；
+ * user 跟着 submission 走（submission.user_id 是 NO ACTION，删不掉有提交的用户）。
+ */
+export const challengeSuccess = pgTable(
+  "challenge_success",
+  {
+    id: integer().primaryKey().generatedByDefaultAsIdentity({
+      name: "challenge_success_id_seq",
+      startWith: 1,
+      increment: 1,
+      minValue: 1,
+      maxValue: 2147483647,
+      cache: 1,
+    }),
+    userId: integer("user_id").notNull(),
+    problemId: integer("problem_id").notNull(),
+    challengeId: text("challenge_id").notNull(),
+    submissionId: text("submission_id").notNull(),
+    /** 做到的那份提交的时刻（不是写这一行的时刻） */
+    createdAt: timestamp("created_at", {
+      withTimezone: true,
+      mode: "string",
+    }).notNull(),
+  },
+  (table) => [
+    unique("challenge_success_user_challenge_unique").on(
+      table.userId,
+      table.problemId,
+      table.challengeId,
+    ),
+    index("challenge_success_problem_idx").on(table.problemId, table.challengeId, table.createdAt),
+    foreignKey({
+      columns: [table.userId],
+      foreignColumns: [user.id],
+      name: "challenge_success_user_id_fk_user_id",
+    }),
+    foreignKey({
+      columns: [table.problemId],
+      foreignColumns: [problem.id],
+      name: "challenge_success_problem_id_fk_problem_id",
+    }).onDelete("cascade"),
+    foreignKey({
+      columns: [table.submissionId],
+      foreignColumns: [submission.id],
+      name: "challenge_success_submission_id_fk_submission_id",
+    }).onDelete("cascade"),
+  ],
+)

apps/api/src/index.ts

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import { problemStatsRoutes } from "./routes/problem-stats"
 import { submissionRoutes } from "./routes/submission"
 import { trialRunRoutes } from "./routes/trial-run"
 import { siteRoutes } from "./routes/site"
+import { scanPendingChallenges } from "./services/challenge"
 import {
   bridgeSubmissionEvents,
   isAllowedWebSocketOrigin,
@@ -165,3 +166,6 @@ const server = Bun.serve<SubmissionSocketData>({
 await bridgeSubmissionEvents(server)
 startSessionSweep()
 console.log(`OJ2 API listening on http://localhost:${server.port}`)
+// 迁移刚灌进来、或者上次没补完的挑战：拿历史上做对的代码补一遍谁已经做到了。
+// 晚一点再跑，别和刚起来时涌进来的请求抢那两个核
+setTimeout(() => void scanPendingChallenges(), 20_000)

apps/api/src/judge/ast.ts

@@ -30,6 +30,18 @@ export interface AstResult {
   passed: boolean
   /** count_* 引擎实际数到的次数。失败时前端拿它补一句「当前 N 次」 */
   actual?: number
+  /** 没过的「不能用 X」「X 太多」：X 在第几行（1 起），挑战没做到时编辑器里标出来 */
+  lines?: number[]
+}
+
+/** 节点所在的行，去重排序。submission.code 只是学生写的那段，不含题目模板，行号不用再扣 */
+function linesOf(nodes: Node[]) {
+  return [...new Set(nodes.map((node) => node.startPosition.row + 1))].sort((a, b) => a - b)
+}
+
+/** 没过才带行号：过了的规则不用标 */
+function withLines(result: AstResult, nodes: Node[]): AstResult {
+  return result.passed || nodes.length === 0 ? result : { ...result, lines: linesOf(nodes) }
 }
 
 let initPromise: Promise<void> | undefined
@@ -266,47 +278,60 @@ function evaluateRule(root: Node, rule: AstRule, language: string): AstResult |
         description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
         passed: hasNode(root, nodeType),
       }
-    case "must_not_exist_node":
-      return {
-        description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
-        passed: !hasNode(root, nodeType),
-      }
+    case "must_not_exist_node": {
+      const nodes = collectNodes(root, nodeType)
+      return withLines(
+        { description: describeAstRule(rule, language), passed: nodes.length === 0 },
+        nodes,
+      )
+    }
     case "count_node": {
-      const count = collectNodes(root, nodeType).length
-      return {
-        description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
-        passed: rangePassed(count, rule),
-        actual: count,
-      }
+      const nodes = collectNodes(root, nodeType)
+      return withLines(
+        {
+          description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
+          passed: rangePassed(nodes.length, rule),
+          actual: nodes.length,
+        },
+        // 次数太少时没有「哪几行」可标
+        rule.max !== undefined || rule.exact !== undefined ? nodes : [],
+      )
     }
     case "must_call_function":
       return {
         description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
         passed: functionCalls(root, target, language).length > 0,
       }
-    case "must_not_call_function":
-      return {
-        description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
-        passed: functionCalls(root, target, language).length === 0,
-      }
+    case "must_not_call_function": {
+      const calls = functionCalls(root, target, language)
+      return withLines(
+        { description: describeAstRule(rule, language), passed: calls.length === 0 },
+        calls,
+      )
+    }
     case "count_function_call": {
-      const count = functionCalls(root, target, language).length
-      return {
-        description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
-        passed: rangePassed(count, rule),
-        actual: count,
-      }
+      const calls = functionCalls(root, target, language)
+      return withLines(
+        {
+          description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
+          passed: rangePassed(calls.length, rule),
+          actual: calls.length,
+        },
+        rule.max !== undefined || rule.exact !== undefined ? calls : [],
+      )
     }
     case "must_call_method":
       return {
         description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
         passed: methodCalls(root, target, language).length > 0,
       }
-    case "must_not_call_method":
-      return {
-        description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
-        passed: methodCalls(root, target, language).length === 0,
-      }
+    case "must_not_call_method": {
+      const calls = methodCalls(root, target, language)
+      return withLines(
+        { description: describeAstRule(rule, language), passed: calls.length === 0 },
+        calls,
+      )
+    }
     case "must_use_operator":
       return {
         description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
@@ -357,3 +382,40 @@ export async function checkAst(
     parser.delete()
   }
 }
+
+/**
+ * 一份代码对着几组规则各判一遍，只解析一次。挑战用：一道题几条挑战各是一组，补历史记录时
+ * 一份代码要判全部挑战，每组 checkAst 一次就是把同一份代码解析好几遍。
+ *
+ * 和 checkAst 不同，**判不了时返回 null 而不是「通过」**：checkAst 是题目的硬要求，
+ * 判不了就放行、别冤枉学生；挑战判不了就是没做到，放行等于白送。
+ */
+export async function checkAstGroups(
+  code: string,
+  language: string,
+  groups: AstRule[][],
+): Promise<{ passed: boolean; results: AstResult[] }[] | null> {
+  const treeSitterLanguage = await loadLanguage(language)
+  if (!treeSitterLanguage) return null
+  const parser = new Parser()
+  try {
+    parser.setLanguage(treeSitterLanguage)
+    const tree = parser.parse(code)
+    if (!tree) return null
+    try {
+      return groups.map((rules) => {
+        const results = rules
+          .filter(astRuleIsMeaningful)
+          .map((rule) => evaluateRule(tree.rootNode, rule, language))
+          .filter((result): result is AstResult => result !== null)
+        return { passed: results.length > 0 && results.every((r) => r.passed), results }
+      })
+    } finally {
+      tree.delete()
+    }
+  } catch {
+    return null
+  } finally {
+    parser.delete()
+  }
+}

apps/api/src/judge/run.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,12 @@ import { config } from "../config"
 import { db, schema } from "../db"
 import { publishAchievementNotification } from "../events"
 import { updateAchievementsForSubmission } from "../services/achievements"
+import {
+  challengesFor,
+  judgeChallenges,
+  recordChallengeSuccesses,
+  type ChallengeVerdict,
+} from "../services/challenge"
 import { recordSolvedAndNotify } from "../services/problemset"
 import { checkAst, type AstRule } from "./ast"
 import { publishSubmissionUpdate } from "./events"
@@ -696,6 +702,19 @@ export async function judgeSubmission(job: JudgeJobData) {
           }
         }
       }
+
+      // 挑战：做对了就拿这道题的每条挑战各判一遍（比赛不判，同上）。结果全存下来，
+      // 前端在挑战中时按 id 取它正在挑战的那条；做到的下面落库
+      if (result === JudgeStatus.ACCEPTED && row.submission.contestId === null) {
+        const challenges = challengesFor(row.problem.challenges, row.submission.language)
+        if (challenges.length > 0) {
+          statisticInfo.challenges = await judgeChallenges(
+            row.submission.code,
+            row.submission.language,
+            challenges,
+          )
+        }
+      }
     }
 
     const counted = countedBefore(job.rejudgedFrom)
@@ -722,6 +741,22 @@ export async function judgeSubmission(job: JudgeJobData) {
       await recordSolvedAndNotify(row.submission.userId, row.problem.id, row.submission.createTime)
     }
 
+    if (Array.isArray(statisticInfo.challenges)) {
+      await recordChallengeSuccesses(
+        (statisticInfo.challenges as ChallengeVerdict[])
+          .filter((verdict) => verdict.passed)
+          .map((verdict) => ({
+            userId: row.submission.userId,
+            problemId: row.problem.id,
+            challengeId: verdict.id,
+            submissionId: row.submission.id,
+            createdAt: row.submission.createTime,
+          })),
+      ).catch((error: unknown) =>
+        console.error(`[judge] 挑战记录失败 ${row.submission.id}:`, error),
+      )
+    }
+
     try {
       const unlocked = await updateAchievementsForSubmission(row.submission.id, counted)
       await publishAchievementNotification(

apps/api/src/routes/admin/problem.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import {
   addContestProblemRequestSchema,
   reorderContestProblemsRequestSchema,
   astCheckRequestSchema,
+  challengeSuggestionsRequestSchema,
   generateTestInputsRequestSchema,
   isSqlProblem,
   TEST_CASE_EDIT_MAX_CASES,
@@ -18,8 +19,10 @@ import {
   type AdminProblemListItem,
   type AstCheckResponse,
   type AstRules,
+  type ChallengeSuggestionsResponse,
   type GenerateTestInputsResponse,
   type GenerateSqlTestCaseResponse,
+  type ProblemChallenges,
   type SqlConfig,
   type SqlDisplay,
   type SqlTestCaseScript,
@@ -35,6 +38,12 @@ import { failure, parseBody, success } from "../../http"
 import { astRulesError, checkAst, describeAstRule, pickAstRules } from "../../judge/ast"
 import { buildSqlDisplay } from "../../judge/sql"
 import { completeChat } from "../../services/ai"
+import {
+  challengesFor,
+  challengeSuggestions,
+  normalizeChallenges,
+  scanPendingChallenges,
+} from "../../services/challenge"
 import { plainText } from "../../services/hint-diagnosis"
 import { contestStatus } from "../../services/contest"
 import {
@@ -152,6 +161,7 @@ async function serialize(row: ProblemRow) {
     flowchartData: asRecord(row.flowchartData),
     flowchartHint: row.flowchartHint,
     astRules: row.astRules,
+    challenges: row.challenges,
     answers: Array.isArray(row.answers) ? row.answers : [],
     prompt: row.prompt,
     sqlConfig: row.sqlConfig,
@@ -271,19 +281,34 @@ type ProblemInput = ReturnType<typeof createProblemRequestSchema.parse>
  */
 async function validateProblem(
   data: ProblemInput,
-): Promise<{ error: string } | { sql: boolean; sqlDisplay: SqlDisplay | null }> {
+  previousChallenges: ProblemChallenges | null = null,
+): Promise<{ error: string } | Validated> {
   const checked = commonChecks(data)
   if ("error" in checked) return checked
-  if (!checked.sql) return { sql: false, sqlDisplay: null }
+  // 不带挑战（旧版出题页）就原样留着，见契约 createProblemRequestSchema.challenges
+  const normalized =
+    data.challenges === undefined
+      ? { challenges: previousChallenges }
+      : normalizeChallenges(data.challenges, previousChallenges, data.languages)
+  if ("error" in normalized) return normalized
+  const { challenges } = normalized
+  if (!checked.sql) return { sql: false, sqlDisplay: null, challenges }
   const built = await generateSqlDisplay(data.testCaseId, data.answers, data.sqlConfig!)
   if ("error" in built) return built
-  return { sql: true, sqlDisplay: built.display }
+  return { sql: true, sqlDisplay: built.display, challenges }
+}
+
+interface Validated {
+  sql: boolean
+  sqlDisplay: SqlDisplay | null
+  /** 规则没变的沿用原来的 id，见 services/challenge.ts 的 normalizeChallenges */
+  challenges: ProblemChallenges | null
 }
 
 /** 新建一道题（公开题 contestId 为 null）连同标签，一个事务 */
 async function insertProblem(
   data: ProblemInput,
-  validated: { sql: boolean; sqlDisplay: SqlDisplay | null },
+  validated: Validated,
   owner: { contestId: number | null; createdById: number },
 ) {
   const now = new Date().toISOString()
@@ -292,6 +317,7 @@ async function insertProblem(
       .insert(schema.problem)
       .values({
         ...problemValues(data, validated.sql),
+        challenges: validated.challenges,
         ...owner,
         createTime: now,
         lastUpdateTime: now,
@@ -489,6 +515,7 @@ adminProblemRoutes.post("/problems", requireProblemPermission, async (c) => {
     contestId: null,
     createdById: c.get("user")!.id,
   })
+  void scanPendingChallenges()
   return success(c, await serialize(created), 201)
 })
 
@@ -505,7 +532,7 @@ adminProblemRoutes.put("/problems/:id", requireProblemPermission, async (c) => {
   if (!(await canEditProblem(c.get("user")!, existing))) {
     return failure(c, 404, "problem-not-found", "Problem does not exist")
   }
-  const validated = await validateProblem(parsed.data)
+  const validated = await validateProblem(parsed.data, existing.challenges)
   if ("error" in validated) return failure(c, 400, "invalid-problem", validated.error)
 
   // 题号唯一性的作用域跟着题目走：公开题在全部公开题里唯一，比赛题在本场比赛内唯一
@@ -529,6 +556,7 @@ adminProblemRoutes.put("/problems/:id", requireProblemPermission, async (c) => {
       .update(schema.problem)
       .set({
         ...problemValues(parsed.data, validated.sql),
+        challenges: validated.challenges,
         sqlDisplay: validated.sqlDisplay,
         lastUpdateTime: new Date().toISOString(),
       })
@@ -537,6 +565,8 @@ adminProblemRoutes.put("/problems/:id", requireProblemPermission, async (c) => {
     await setTags(tx, id, parsed.data.tags)
     return row!
   })
+  // 新加、改过的挑战拿历史上做对的代码补一遍谁已经做到了，不等它
+  void scanPendingChallenges()
   return success(c, await serialize(updated))
 })
 
@@ -962,6 +992,32 @@ adminProblemRoutes.post("/ast-check", requireProblemPermission, async (c) => {
   return success(c, { rules: checked } satisfies AstCheckResponse)
 })
 
+/** 出题页「挑战」的候选：拿这道题历史上做对的代码挖，见 services/challenge.ts */
+adminProblemRoutes.post(
+  "/problems/:id/challenge-suggestions",
+  requireProblemPermission,
+  async (c) => {
+    const parsed = await parseBody(c, challengeSuggestionsRequestSchema)
+    if (!parsed.success) return parsed.response
+    const [problem] = await db
+      .select()
+      .from(schema.problem)
+      .where(eq(schema.problem.id, queryInteger(c.req.param("id"), 0, { min: 1 })))
+      .limit(1)
+    if (!problem) return failure(c, 404, "problem-not-found", "Problem does not exist")
+    if (!(await canEditProblem(c.get("user")!, problem))) {
+      return failure(c, 404, "problem-not-found", "Problem does not exist")
+    }
+    const { language } = parsed.data
+    const result = await challengeSuggestions(
+      problem.id,
+      language,
+      challengesFor(problem.challenges, language),
+    )
+    return success(c, result satisfies ChallengeSuggestionsResponse)
+  },
+)
+
 /**
  * AI 按题面和标准答案想几组测试输入。只要输入：输出一律由标准答案在判题机上跑，
  * AI 编的输出不可信。

apps/api/src/routes/classroom.ts

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import { seenToday } from "../auth/presence"
 import { getLoginWindow } from "../auth/session"
 import { presenceOf } from "../collab/state"
 import { db, schema } from "../db"
+import { challengeSuccessesOf } from "../services/challenge"
 import { failure, parseBody, success } from "../http"
 import { isAccepted } from "../judge/status"
 import {
@@ -465,6 +466,27 @@ classroomRoutes.get("/classroom/board", requireTeacher, async (c) => {
   // 「来了几次」代码和流程图合起来数：那天只画了流程图的也算来过，和 recentDays 同一个口径
   const recentActivity = activityRows({ since: windowStart, users: userIds })
   const localDay = sql<string>`to_char(${localTime(recentActivity.createTime)}, 'YYYY-MM-DD')`
+  const [challengeConfigs, challengeDone] = await Promise.all([
+    ids.length
+      ? db
+          .select({ id: schema.problem.id, challenges: schema.problem.challenges })
+          .from(schema.problem)
+          .where(inArray(schema.problem.id, ids))
+      : [],
+    challengeSuccessesOf(userIds, ids),
+  ])
+  // 只认现在还配着的挑战：规则改过的旧 id 不算
+  const liveChallenges = new Map(
+    challengeConfigs.map((row) => [
+      row.id,
+      new Set(Object.values(row.challenges ?? {}).flatMap((list) => list.map((c) => c.id))),
+    ]),
+  )
+  const challengeDoneKeys = new Set(
+    challengeDone
+      .filter((row) => liveChallenges.get(row.problemId)?.has(row.challengeId))
+      .map((row) => `${row.userId}:${row.problemId}`),
+  )
   const [cells, lastSubmits, lastDrawn, attendance, drawn, todays, seen] = await Promise.all([
     ids.length && userIds.length
       ? db
@@ -619,6 +641,7 @@ classroomRoutes.get("/classroom/board", requireTeacher, async (c) => {
       problemDisplayId: problem.displayId,
       title: problem.title,
       isSql: problem.isSql,
+      hasChallenges: (liveChallenges.get(problem.id)?.size ?? 0) > 0,
     })),
     students: roster.map(
       (student) =>
@@ -659,6 +682,14 @@ classroomRoutes.get("/classroom/board", requireTeacher, async (c) => {
                   }))
                 : [],
               acceptedTry: firstTry >= 0 ? firstTry + 1 : null,
+              challenge:
+                !acceptedAt || !liveChallenges.get(id)?.size
+                  ? null
+                  : challengeDoneKeys.has(key)
+                    ? "done"
+                    : today.some((row) => Date.parse(row.createTime) > Date.parse(acceptedAt))
+                      ? "doing"
+                      : null,
             }
           }),
           lastSubmitAt: lastByUser.get(student.userId) ?? null,

apps/api/src/routes/problem.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 import {
+  AST_SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES,
   isSqlProblem,
   normalizeLanguage,
   problemListSortSchema,
   problemTypeFilterSchema,
+  type ChallengeList,
   type ProblemAuthor,
   type ProblemDetail,
   type ProblemList,
@@ -28,9 +30,10 @@ import {
 } from "drizzle-orm"
 import { Hono } from "hono"
 
-import { optionalAuth, type AppEnv } from "../auth/middleware"
+import { optionalAuth, requireAuth, type AppEnv } from "../auth/middleware"
 import { db, schema } from "../db"
 import { astRequirements } from "../judge/ast"
+import { challengeList } from "../services/challenge"
 import { failure, success } from "../http"
 import { JudgeStatus } from "../judge/status"
 import {
@@ -340,6 +343,21 @@ problemRoutes.get("/problem-authors", async (c) => {
   return success(c, rows satisfies ProblemAuthor[])
 })
 
+/**
+ * 几道题的挑战：`?problems=1080,2020,4077&language=Python`。课堂条「这节课都做完了」一次要
+ * 一节课的几道，题目页只要当前这道。挑战按语言分，语言是学生编辑器里选的那种
+ */
+problemRoutes.get("/challenges", requireAuth, async (c) => {
+  const language = c.req.query("language") ?? ""
+  if (!AST_SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.includes(language)) return success(c, [] satisfies ChallengeList)
+  const ids = (c.req.query("problems") ?? "")
+    .split(",")
+    .map((id) => id.trim())
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .slice(0, 20)
+  return success(c, (await challengeList(c.get("user")!, ids, language)) satisfies ChallengeList)
+})
+
 problemRoutes.get("/problems/:displayId/similar", optionalAuth, async (c) => {
   const [target] = await db
     .select({ id: schema.problem.id })

apps/api/src/services/challenge.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,560 @@
+import { randomBytes } from "node:crypto"
+
+import {
+  AST_SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES,
+  challengeSchema,
+  type AstRule,
+  type Challenge,
+  type ChallengeInput,
+  type ChallengeList,
+  type ChallengeSuggestion,
+  type ProblemChallenges,
+  type ProblemLanguage,
+} from "@oj2/contract"
+import { and, asc, eq, inArray, isNull, sql } from "drizzle-orm"
+
+import { db, schema } from "../db"
+import { astRulesError, checkAstGroups, type AstResult } from "../judge/ast"
+import { JudgeStatus } from "../judge/status"
+
+/**
+ * 挑战：做对之后，同一道题加一条写法上的限制再做一遍。规则存在 problem.challenges，
+ * 谁做到了记在 challenge_success。形状和口径见契约 challengeSchema。
+ *
+ * 这里管四件事：判（judge/run.ts 在做对的提交上调）、补（新加的挑战拿历史上做对的
+ * 代码补一遍谁已经做到了）、给学生的列表、给出题页的候选。
+ */
+
+/** problem.challenges 里某种语言的挑战。逐条过 schema，一条坏的不连累别的（同 run.ts 的 astRulesForLanguage） */
+export function challengesFor(value: unknown, language: string): Challenge[] {
+  if (!value || typeof value !== "object" || Array.isArray(value)) return []
+  const list = (value as Record<string, unknown>)[language]
+  if (!Array.isArray(list)) return []
+  return list.flatMap((item) => {
+    const parsed = challengeSchema.safeParse(item)
+    return parsed.success && parsed.data.rules.length > 0 ? [parsed.data] : []
+  })
+}
+
+export interface ChallengeVerdict {
+  id: string
+  passed: boolean
+  results: AstResult[]
+}
+
+/** 一份代码对着几条挑战各判一遍（只解析一次）。判不了就当一条都没做到 */
+export async function judgeChallenges(
+  code: string,
+  language: string,
+  challenges: Challenge[],
+): Promise<ChallengeVerdict[]> {
+  if (challenges.length === 0) return []
+  const groups = await checkAstGroups(
+    code,
+    language,
+    challenges.map((challenge) => challenge.rules),
+  )
+  if (!groups) return []
+  return challenges.map((challenge, i) => ({
+    id: challenge.id,
+    passed: groups[i]!.passed,
+    results: groups[i]!.results,
+  }))
+}
+
+interface SuccessRow {
+  userId: number
+  problemId: number
+  challengeId: string
+  submissionId: string
+  createdAt: string
+}
+
+/** 记下做到了。已经做到过的不动 —— 留的是第一次做到的那份提交 */
+export async function recordChallengeSuccesses(rows: SuccessRow[]) {
+  if (rows.length === 0) return
+  await db.insert(schema.challengeSuccess).values(rows).onConflictDoNothing()
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- 补历史记录
+
+let scanning: Promise<void> | null = null
+
+/**
+ * 新加的挑战（没有 scannedAt 的）拿历史上做对的代码补一遍：一批人早就这么写过，
+ * 不补的话「全站 N 人做到」从 0 开始，那些人打开挑战还得再交一次一模一样的代码。
+ *
+ * api 起来之后跑一次（迁移灌进来的那批在这里补），出题页保存之后再跑一次。
+ * 两个站点共库、各起一个 api，可能同时补同一批 —— 插入是 on conflict do nothing，
+ * 重复补只是白算一遍。
+ *
+ * 服务器只有 2 核：一道题几百份代码，每 50 份让出一次事件循环，别把请求卡住。
+ */
+export function scanPendingChallenges(): Promise<void> {
+  if (!scanning) {
+    scanning = scanAll()
+      .catch((error: unknown) => console.error("[challenge] 补做到记录失败", error))
+      .finally(() => {
+        scanning = null
+      })
+  }
+  return scanning
+}
+
+async function scanAll() {
+  const problems = await db
+    .select({ id: schema.problem.id, challenges: schema.problem.challenges })
+    .from(schema.problem)
+    .where(sql`${schema.problem.challenges} is not null`)
+  for (const problem of problems) {
+    for (const language of Object.keys(problem.challenges ?? {})) {
+      const pending = challengesFor(problem.challenges, language).filter((c) => !c.scannedAt)
+      if (pending.length === 0) continue
+      const started = Date.now()
+      const found = await scanProblem(problem.id, language, pending)
+      await markScanned(
+        problem.id,
+        language,
+        pending.map((c) => c.id),
+      )
+      console.log(
+        `[challenge] 题 ${problem.id} ${language} 补了 ${pending.length} 条挑战、${found} 条做到，用时 ${Date.now() - started}ms`,
+      )
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+async function scanProblem(problemId: number, language: string, pending: Challenge[]) {
+  const subs = await db
+    .select({
+      id: schema.submission.id,
+      userId: schema.submission.userId,
+      code: schema.submission.code,
+      createTime: schema.submission.createTime,
+    })
+    .from(schema.submission)
+    // 库里有一批孤儿提交（用户删了、提交还在），记不进 challenge_success 的外键
+    .innerJoin(schema.user, eq(schema.user.id, schema.submission.userId))
+    .where(
+      and(
+        eq(schema.submission.problemId, problemId),
+        eq(schema.submission.result, JudgeStatus.ACCEPTED),
+        eq(schema.submission.language, language as ProblemLanguage),
+        isNull(schema.submission.contestId),
+      ),
+    )
+    // 按时间顺着判：同一个人第一次做到的那份先遇到
+    .orderBy(asc(schema.submission.createTime))
+
+  const seen = pending.map(() => new Set<number>())
+  let rows: SuccessRow[] = []
+  let found = 0
+  for (const [index, sub] of subs.entries()) {
+    if (pending.every((_, i) => seen[i]!.has(sub.userId))) continue
+    const verdicts = await judgeChallenges(sub.code, language, pending)
+    for (const [i, verdict] of verdicts.entries()) {
+      if (!verdict.passed || seen[i]!.has(sub.userId)) continue
+      seen[i]!.add(sub.userId)
+      rows.push({
+        userId: sub.userId,
+        problemId,
+        challengeId: verdict.id,
+        submissionId: sub.id,
+        createdAt: sub.createTime,
+      })
+    }
+    if (rows.length >= 500) {
+      found += rows.length
+      await recordChallengeSuccesses(rows)
+      rows = []
+    }
+    if (index % 50 === 49) await Bun.sleep(0)
+  }
+  found += rows.length
+  await recordChallengeSuccesses(rows)
+  return found
+}
+
+/** 补完记一笔。重新读一遍再写：补的这会儿老师可能刚存过，只给还在、id 没变的那几条打标记 */
+async function markScanned(problemId: number, language: string, ids: string[]) {
+  const [row] = await db
+    .select({ challenges: schema.problem.challenges })
+    .from(schema.problem)
+    .where(eq(schema.problem.id, problemId))
+    .limit(1)
+  const current = row?.challenges
+  if (!current?.[language]) return
+  const now = new Date().toISOString()
+  const next: ProblemChallenges = {
+    ...current,
+    [language]: current[language]!.map((c) => (ids.includes(c.id) ? { ...c, scannedAt: now } : c)),
+  }
+  await db.update(schema.problem).set({ challenges: next }).where(eq(schema.problem.id, problemId))
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- 出题页保存
+
+function sameRules(a: AstRule[], b: AstRule[]) {
+  return JSON.stringify(a) === JSON.stringify(b)
+}
+
+/**
+ * 出题页提交的挑战 → 落库的形状。只留题目收的、判题机判得了的语言（同 pickAstRules）；
+ * 规则没变的沿用原来的 id 和 scannedAt，改过的、新加的发新 id —— 做到记录跟着 id 走，
+ * 规则一变旧记录就不作数了。
+ */
+export function normalizeChallenges(
+  input: Record<string, ChallengeInput[]> | null,
+  previous: ProblemChallenges | null,
+  languages: string[],
+): { error: string } | { challenges: ProblemChallenges | null } {
+  if (!input) return { challenges: null }
+  const out: ProblemChallenges = {}
+  for (const [language, list] of Object.entries(input)) {
+    if (!languages.includes(language) || !AST_SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.includes(language)) continue
+    const before = previous?.[language] ?? []
+    const items: Challenge[] = []
+    for (const [index, item] of list.entries()) {
+      const error = astRulesError({ [language]: item.rules })
+      if (error)
+        return {
+          error: `挑战 ${language} 第 ${index + 1} 条：${error.replace(/^代码规则 \S+ /, "")}`,
+        }
+      const kept = before.find((c) => c.id === item.id && sameRules(c.rules, item.rules))
+      items.push({
+        id: kept?.id ?? randomBytes(4).toString("hex"),
+        wording: item.wording,
+        rules: item.rules,
+        ...(kept?.scannedAt ? { scannedAt: kept.scannedAt } : {}),
+      })
+    }
+    if (items.length > 0) out[language] = items
+  }
+  return { challenges: Object.keys(out).length > 0 ? out : null }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- 给学生的列表
+
+/**
+ * 几道题、某种语言下的挑战：说法、全站几人做到、我做到没有（做到了是本班、全站第几个）。
+ * 规则原文不下发，同 astRequirements。题号按传进来的顺序返回，没配挑战的题不返回。
+ */
+export async function challengeList(
+  user: { id: number; className: string | null },
+  displayIds: string[],
+  language: string,
+): Promise<ChallengeList> {
+  if (displayIds.length === 0) return []
+  const problems = await db
+    .select({
+      id: schema.problem.id,
+      displayId: schema.problem.displayId,
+      title: schema.problem.title,
+      challenges: schema.problem.challenges,
+    })
+    .from(schema.problem)
+    .where(
+      and(
+        inArray(schema.problem.displayId, displayIds),
+        isNull(schema.problem.contestId),
+        sql`${schema.problem.challenges} is not null`,
+      ),
+    )
+  const configured = problems
+    .map((p) => ({ ...p, list: challengesFor(p.challenges, language) }))
+    .filter((p) => p.list.length > 0)
+  if (configured.length === 0) return []
+  const ids = configured.map((p) => p.id)
+
+  const acceptedBy = and(
+    inArray(schema.submission.problemId, ids),
+    eq(schema.submission.result, JudgeStatus.ACCEPTED),
+    eq(schema.submission.language, language as ProblemLanguage),
+    isNull(schema.submission.contestId),
+  )
+  const [acRows, solvedRows, doneRows, mineRows] = await Promise.all([
+    db
+      .select({
+        problemId: schema.submission.problemId,
+        count: sql<number>`count(distinct ${schema.submission.userId})::int`,
+      })
+      .from(schema.submission)
+      .where(acceptedBy)
+      .groupBy(schema.submission.problemId),
+    db
+      .selectDistinct({ problemId: schema.submission.problemId })
+      .from(schema.submission)
+      .where(and(acceptedBy, eq(schema.submission.userId, user.id))),
+    db
+      .select({
+        problemId: schema.challengeSuccess.problemId,
+        challengeId: schema.challengeSuccess.challengeId,
+        count: sql<number>`count(*)::int`,
+      })
+      .from(schema.challengeSuccess)
+      .where(inArray(schema.challengeSuccess.problemId, ids))
+      .groupBy(schema.challengeSuccess.problemId, schema.challengeSuccess.challengeId),
+    db
+      .select()
+      .from(schema.challengeSuccess)
+      .where(
+        and(
+          inArray(schema.challengeSuccess.problemId, ids),
+          eq(schema.challengeSuccess.userId, user.id),
+        ),
+      ),
+  ])
+
+  // 第几个做到：比我早的有几个。同一时刻的按 id 排（补记录时同一批插入的 id 也是按时间顺的）
+  const ranks = await Promise.all(
+    mineRows.map(async (mine) => {
+      const earlier = and(
+        eq(schema.challengeSuccess.problemId, mine.problemId),
+        eq(schema.challengeSuccess.challengeId, mine.challengeId),
+        sql`(${schema.challengeSuccess.createdAt}, ${schema.challengeSuccess.id}) < (${mine.createdAt}, ${mine.id})`,
+      )
+      const [site] = await db
+        .select({ count: sql<number>`count(*)::int` })
+        .from(schema.challengeSuccess)
+        .where(earlier)
+      const [cls] = user.className
+        ? await db
+            .select({ count: sql<number>`count(*)::int` })
+            .from(schema.challengeSuccess)
+            .innerJoin(schema.user, eq(schema.user.id, schema.challengeSuccess.userId))
+            .where(and(earlier, eq(schema.user.className, user.className)))
+        : [null]
+      return {
+        key: `${mine.problemId}:${mine.challengeId}`,
+        mine: {
+          at: mine.createdAt,
+          siteRank: (site?.count ?? 0) + 1,
+          classRank: cls ? cls.count + 1 : null,
+        },
+      }
+    }),
+  )
+  const mineByKey = new Map(ranks.map((r) => [r.key, r.mine]))
+  const acByProblem = new Map(acRows.map((r) => [r.problemId, r.count]))
+  const solved = new Set(solvedRows.map((r) => r.problemId))
+  const doneByKey = new Map(doneRows.map((r) => [`${r.problemId}:${r.challengeId}`, r.count]))
+
+  const byDisplayId = new Map(configured.map((p) => [p.displayId, p]))
+  return displayIds.flatMap((displayId) => {
+    const p = byDisplayId.get(displayId)
+    if (!p) return []
+    return [
+      {
+        problemId: p.displayId,
+        title: p.title,
+        acCount: acByProblem.get(p.id) ?? 0,
+        solved: solved.has(p.id),
+        challenges: p.list.map((c) => ({
+          id: c.id,
+          wording: c.wording,
+          doneCount: doneByKey.get(`${p.id}:${c.id}`) ?? 0,
+          mine: mineByKey.get(`${p.id}:${c.id}`) ?? null,
+        })),
+      },
+    ]
+  })
+}
+
+/** 课堂看板用：这些人在这些题上做到了哪些挑战（只认现在还配着的挑战） */
+export async function challengeSuccessesOf(userIds: number[], problemIds: number[]) {
+  if (userIds.length === 0 || problemIds.length === 0) return []
+  return db
+    .select({
+      userId: schema.challengeSuccess.userId,
+      problemId: schema.challengeSuccess.problemId,
+      challengeId: schema.challengeSuccess.challengeId,
+    })
+    .from(schema.challengeSuccess)
+    .where(
+      and(
+        inArray(schema.challengeSuccess.userId, userIds),
+        inArray(schema.challengeSuccess.problemId, problemIds),
+      ),
+    )
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- 出题页的候选
+
+interface Feature {
+  rule: AstRule
+  /** 用了它时的说法、没用它时的说法 */
+  use: string
+  avoid: string
+}
+
+/** 中文里夹的英文词两边留空格：「用 f-string 再写一遍」「用列表再写一遍」 */
+function phrases(label: string) {
+  const before = /^[A-Za-z.]/.test(label) ? " " : ""
+  const after = /[A-Za-z)]$/.test(label) ? " " : ""
+  return { use: `用${before}${label}${after}再写一遍`, avoid: `不用${before}${label}，再写一遍` }
+}
+
+const node = (target: string, label: string): Feature => ({
+  rule: { engine: "must_exist_node", target },
+  ...phrases(label),
+})
+const call = (target: string): Feature => ({
+  rule: { engine: "must_call_function", target },
+  ...phrases(`${target}()`),
+})
+const method = (target: string): Feature => ({
+  rule: { engine: "must_call_method", target },
+  ...phrases(`.${target}()`),
+})
+
+/**
+ * 去挖哪些写法。2026-10 第一批挑战是这样挖出来的，挖出来以后人工逐条看过，这几类基本
+ * 都判掉了，所以这里干脆不挖：「不用 int()」（做到的是 eval）、「不用 elif / else」
+ * （拆成一串 if、多写一个反向条件）、「用 str() / list() / strip()」（凑数）。
+ */
+const FEATURES: Record<string, Feature[]> = {
+  Python: [
+    node("for_loop", "for 循环"),
+    node("while_loop", "while 循环"),
+    node("if_statement", "if"),
+    node("function_definition", "自定义函数"),
+    node("list_comprehension", "列表推导式"),
+    node("list_literal", "列表"),
+    node("dict_literal", "字典"),
+    node("f_string", "f-string"),
+    ...["max", "min", "sum", "len", "sorted", "abs", "round", "map", "enumerate", "zip"].map(call),
+    ...["join", "format", "count", "replace", "split", "upper", "lower", "find"].map(method),
+  ],
+  C: [
+    node("for_loop", "for 循环"),
+    node("while_loop", "while 循环"),
+    node("do_while", "do-while 循环"),
+    node("if_statement", "if"),
+    node("switch_statement", "switch"),
+    node("function_definition", "自定义函数"),
+    ...["puts", "strlen", "abs", "pow", "sqrt"].map(call),
+  ],
+}
+FEATURES["C++"] = FEATURES.C!
+
+const PRINT: Record<string, string> = { Python: "print", C: "printf", "C++": "printf" }
+
+/** 「不用」能直接变成规则的引擎 */
+const NEGATE: Record<string, AstRule["engine"]> = {
+  must_exist_node: "must_not_exist_node",
+  must_call_function: "must_not_call_function",
+  must_call_method: "must_not_call_method",
+}
+
+/**
+ * 出题页「挑战」的候选：这道题历史上做对的代码里，一批人用另一种写法也做对了的地方。
+ * 门槛和第一批一样：多数人用了、有 ≥5 人没用也做对了 → 「不用 X」；少数人用了且 ≥5 人 →
+ * 「用 X」；print 次数少于中位数且 ≥5 人做到 → 「少用 print」。
+ */
+export async function challengeSuggestions(
+  problemId: number,
+  language: string,
+  existing: Challenge[],
+): Promise<{ acCount: number; suggestions: ChallengeSuggestion[] }> {
+  const features = FEATURES[language] ?? []
+  const printName = PRINT[language] ?? "print"
+  const subs = await db
+    .select({ userId: schema.submission.userId, code: schema.submission.code })
+    .from(schema.submission)
+    .where(
+      and(
+        eq(schema.submission.problemId, problemId),
+        eq(schema.submission.result, JudgeStatus.ACCEPTED),
+        eq(schema.submission.language, language as ProblemLanguage),
+        isNull(schema.submission.contestId),
+      ),
+    )
+    .orderBy(asc(schema.submission.createTime))
+
+  const groups = [
+    ...features.map((f) => [f.rule]),
+    [{ engine: "count_function_call", target: printName, min: 0 } satisfies AstRule],
+  ]
+  interface Seen {
+    code: string
+    has: boolean[]
+    prints: number
+  }
+  const byUser = new Map<number, Seen[]>()
+  for (const [index, sub] of subs.entries()) {
+    const list = byUser.get(sub.userId) ?? []
+    // 一个人最多看 3 份：有人同一道题交了几十遍
+    if (list.length >= 3) continue
+    const verdicts = await checkAstGroups(sub.code, language, groups)
+    if (!verdicts) continue
+    list.push({
+      code: sub.code,
+      has: verdicts.slice(0, features.length).map((v) => v.passed),
+      prints: verdicts.at(-1)?.results[0]?.actual ?? 0,
+    })
+    byUser.set(sub.userId, list)
+    if (index % 50 === 49) await Bun.sleep(0)
+  }
+  const users = [...byUser.values()]
+  const acCount = users.length
+  if (acCount === 0) return { acCount, suggestions: [] }
+
+  const example = (pick: (s: Seen) => boolean) => {
+    const pool = users.flatMap((list) => list.filter(pick)).map((s) => s.code.trim())
+    pool.sort((a, b) => a.length - b.length)
+    return pool[Math.floor(pool.length / 2)] ?? ""
+  }
+  const suggestions: ChallengeSuggestion[] = []
+  for (const [i, feature] of features.entries()) {
+    const usedFirst = users.filter((list) => list[0]!.has[i]).length
+    if (usedFirst / acCount >= 0.5) {
+      const did = users.filter((list) => list.some((s) => !s.has[i])).length
+      const engine = NEGATE[feature.rule.engine]
+      if (did >= 5 && engine) {
+        suggestions.push({
+          wording: feature.avoid,
+          rules: [{ ...feature.rule, engine }],
+          did,
+          firstShare: Math.round((usedFirst / acCount) * 100),
+          example: example((s) => !s.has[i]),
+        })
+      }
+    } else {
+      const did = users.filter((list) => list.some((s) => s.has[i])).length
+      if (did >= 5) {
+        suggestions.push({
+          wording: feature.use,
+          rules: [feature.rule],
+          did,
+          firstShare: Math.round((usedFirst / acCount) * 100),
+          example: example((s) => s.has[i] === true),
+        })
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const firstPrints = users.map((list) => list[0]!.prints).sort((a, b) => a - b)
+  const median = firstPrints[Math.floor(firstPrints.length / 2)]!
+  for (let level = 1; level < median; level++) {
+    const ok = (s: Seen) => s.prints >= 1 && s.prints <= level
+    const did = users.filter((list) => list.some(ok)).length
+    if (did < 5) continue
+    suggestions.push({
+      wording: `只用 ${level} 次 ${printName}`,
+      rules: [{ engine: "count_function_call", target: printName, max: level }],
+      did,
+      firstShare: null,
+      example: example(ok),
+    })
+    break
+  }
+
+  const taken = existing.map((c) => JSON.stringify(c.rules))
+  return {
+    acCount,
+    suggestions: suggestions
+      .filter((s) => !taken.includes(JSON.stringify(s.rules)))
+      .sort((a, b) => b.did - a.did)
+      .slice(0, 12),
+  }
+}

apps/web/src/admin/api.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { toAdminType, toProblemPermission } from "@oj2/contract"
 import type {
   AddContestProblemRequest,
+  ChallengeSuggestionsResponse,
   AddProblemsToSetRequest,
   BatchProblemTagRequest,
   BatchProblemVisibleRequest,
@@ -353,6 +354,16 @@ export function checkAstRules(data: AstCheckRequest) {
   return api.post<AstCheckResponse>("admin/ast-check", data satisfies AstCheckRequest)
 }
 
+// 出题页「挑战」的候选：拿这道题历史上做对的代码挖
+export function getChallengeSuggestions(problemId: number, language: string) {
+  return api.post<ChallengeSuggestionsResponse>(
+    `admin/problems/${problemId}/challenge-suggestions`,
+    {
+      language,
+    },
+  )
+}
+
 // AI 按题面和标准答案想几组测试输入（输出由标准答案跑）
 export function generateTestInputs(data: GenerateTestInputsRequest) {
   return api.post<GenerateTestInputsResponse>(

apps/web/src/admin/problem/components/AstRulesEditor.vue

@@ -15,6 +15,11 @@ interface Props {
   languages: LANGUAGE[]
   /** 各语言的标准答案（学生那段代码，不套模板）：拿来自测规则 */
   answers: Partial<Record<LANGUAGE, string>>
+  /**
+   * 挑战的判定规则（ChallengeEditor 里一条挑战一个）。和语法要求是同一套规则，但口径不同：
+   * 不满足不算错、说法由挑战自己写、标准答案不这么写是常事（挑战就是另一种写法）
+   */
+  challenge?: boolean
 }
 
 const props = defineProps<Props>()
@@ -294,8 +299,13 @@ watch(supportedLanguages, (langs) => {
 <template>
   <div class="astRules">
     <div class="head">
-      <span class="label">语法要求</span>
-      <div v-if="supportedLanguages.length" class="langs" role="tablist" aria-label="语言">
+      <span class="label">{{ challenge ? "判定" : "语法要求" }}</span>
+      <div
+        v-if="supportedLanguages.length && !challenge"
+        class="langs"
+        role="tablist"
+        aria-label="语言"
+      >
         <button
           v-for="lang in supportedLanguages"
           :key="lang"
@@ -310,7 +320,8 @@ watch(supportedLanguages, (langs) => {
         </button>
       </div>
       <div class="grow"></div>
-      <n-text depth="3" class="note">提交时逐条检查，不满足算错</n-text>
+      <n-text v-if="!challenge" depth="3" class="note">提交时逐条检查，不满足算错</n-text>
+      <n-text v-else depth="3" class="note">几条都满足才算做到</n-text>
     </div>
     <n-text v-if="unsupportedLanguages.length" depth="3" class="note">
       {{ unsupportedLanguages.join("、") }} 检查不了语法要求（判题机只认
@@ -402,6 +413,7 @@ watch(supportedLanguages, (langs) => {
           </div>
           <div class="ruleRow sub">
             <n-input
+              v-if="!challenge"
               :value="rule.message"
               size="tiny"
               class="message"
@@ -412,7 +424,19 @@ watch(supportedLanguages, (langs) => {
               "
               @update:value="(v: string) => updateRule(lang, index, 'message', v)"
             />
-            <span v-if="checkOf(lang, index)?.passed === true" class="ok">✓ 标准答案过了</span>
+            <template v-if="challenge">
+              <n-text v-if="checkOf(lang, index)?.passed === true" depth="3" class="note">
+                标准答案这样写也满足
+              </n-text>
+              <n-text v-else-if="checkOf(lang, index)?.passed === false" depth="3" class="note">
+                标准答案不是这样写的{{
+                  checkOf(lang, index)!.actual !== undefined
+                    ? `（数到 ${checkOf(lang, index)!.actual} 次）`
+                    : ""
+                }}
+              </n-text>
+            </template>
+            <span v-else-if="checkOf(lang, index)?.passed === true" class="ok">✓ 标准答案过了</span>
             <span v-else-if="checkOf(lang, index)?.passed === false" class="bad">
               ✗ 标准答案自己没过{{
                 checkOf(lang, index)!.actual !== undefined

apps/web/src/admin/problem/components/ChallengeEditor.vue

@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+import {
+  AST_SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES,
+  CHALLENGE_RULES_MAX,
+  CHALLENGE_WORDING_MAX,
+  CHALLENGES_PER_LANGUAGE_MAX,
+  type AstRules,
+  type ChallengeInput,
+  type ChallengeSuggestionsResponse,
+} from "@oj2/contract"
+import { errorMessage } from "utils/api"
+import type { LANGUAGE } from "utils/types"
+import { getChallengeSuggestions } from "../../api"
+import AstRulesEditor from "./AstRulesEditor.vue"
+
+/**
+ * 出题页的「挑战」：做对之后，同一道题加一条写法上的限制再做一遍（设计稿 StkAdmin）。
+ * 判定就是语法要求那套规则，所以每条挑战底下直接摆一个规则编辑器（只开这一种语言）。
+ *
+ * 「从做对的代码里找」把这道题历史上做对的代码挖一遍，列出「一批人用另一种写法也做对了」
+ * 的地方。机械挖出来的会有坏的（拆掉 elif 换成一串 if 也算「不用 elif」），所以每条带一份
+ * 做到的人的真实代码，好不好老师看了再加。新建的题还没人做过，不给这个按钮。
+ */
+const props = defineProps<{
+  modelValue: Record<string, ChallengeInput[]> | null
+  languages: LANGUAGE[]
+  answers: Partial<Record<LANGUAGE, string>>
+  /** 编辑已有的题才有；新建的题没有做对的代码可挖 */
+  problemId: number | null
+}>()
+const emit = defineEmits<{
+  (e: "update:modelValue", value: Record<string, ChallengeInput[]> | null): void
+}>()
+
+const languages = computed(() =>
+  props.languages.filter((lang) => AST_SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.includes(lang)),
+)
+const tab = ref<string>(languages.value[0] ?? "Python")
+watch(languages, (list) => {
+  if (!list.includes(tab.value as LANGUAGE)) tab.value = list[0] ?? "Python"
+})
+
+const list = computed(() => props.modelValue?.[tab.value] ?? [])
+
+function update(next: ChallengeInput[]) {
+  const value = { ...props.modelValue }
+  if (next.length) value[tab.value] = next
+  else delete value[tab.value]
+  emit("update:modelValue", Object.keys(value).length ? value : null)
+}
+
+function patch(index: number, change: Partial<ChallengeInput>) {
+  update(list.value.map((item, i) => (i === index ? { ...item, ...change } : item)))
+}
+
+function remove(index: number) {
+  update(list.value.filter((_, i) => i !== index))
+}
+
+function add(item: ChallengeInput = { wording: "", rules: [] }) {
+  update([...list.value, item])
+}
+
+/** AstRulesEditor 按语言分组收发，这里只给它一种语言 */
+function rulesModel(item: ChallengeInput): AstRules {
+  return { [tab.value]: item.rules }
+}
+function onRules(index: number, value: AstRules | null) {
+  patch(index, { rules: (value?.[tab.value] ?? []).slice(0, CHALLENGE_RULES_MAX) })
+}
+
+const full = computed(() => list.value.length >= CHALLENGES_PER_LANGUAGE_MAX)
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- 候选
+
+const suggestions = ref<Record<string, ChallengeSuggestionsResponse>>({})
+const loading = ref(false)
+const error = ref("")
+
+async function findSuggestions() {
+  if (!props.problemId) return
+  loading.value = true
+  error.value = ""
+  try {
+    suggestions.value = {
+      ...suggestions.value,
+      [tab.value]: await getChallengeSuggestions(props.problemId, tab.value),
+    }
+  } catch (err) {
+    error.value = errorMessage(err, "没找成")
+  } finally {
+    loading.value = false
+  }
+}
+
+const current = computed(() => suggestions.value[tab.value] ?? null)
+
+/** 已经加上的不再列 */
+const shown = computed(() => {
+  const taken = list.value.map((item) => JSON.stringify(item.rules))
+  return (current.value?.suggestions ?? []).filter(
+    (item) => !taken.includes(JSON.stringify(item.rules)),
+  )
+})
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <div class="challenge-editor">
+    <n-radio-group v-if="languages.length > 1" v-model:value="tab" size="small">
+      <n-radio-button v-for="lang in languages" :key="lang" :value="lang">
+        {{ lang }}{{ modelValue?.[lang]?.length ? ` ${modelValue[lang]!.length} 条` : "" }}
+      </n-radio-button>
+    </n-radio-group>
+
+    <div v-for="(item, index) in list" :key="`${tab}-${item.id ?? index}`" class="item">
+      <div class="itemHead">
+        <span class="index">{{ index + 1 }}</span>
+        <n-input
+          :value="item.wording"
+          :maxlength="CHALLENGE_WORDING_MAX"
+          placeholder="给学生看的说法，例如「整首歌只用 1 次 print」"
+          :status="item.wording.trim() ? undefined : 'warning'"
+          @update:value="(value: string) => patch(index, { wording: value })"
+        />
+        <n-button size="small" quaternary @click="remove(index)">删掉</n-button>
+      </div>
+      <AstRulesEditor
+        :model-value="rulesModel(item)"
+        :languages="[tab as LANGUAGE]"
+        :answers="answers"
+        challenge
+        @update:model-value="(value) => onRules(index, value)"
+      />
+    </div>
+
+    <n-text v-if="!languages.length" depth="3" class="note">
+      只有 Python、C、C++ 能配挑战，先在「学生怎么写」里勾上其中一种。
+    </n-text>
+    <template v-else>
+      <div class="actions">
+        <n-button size="small" :disabled="full" @click="add()">+ 自己写一条</n-button>
+        <n-button
+          v-if="problemId"
+          size="small"
+          :loading="loading"
+          :disabled="full"
+          @click="findSuggestions"
+        >
+          从做对的代码里找
+        </n-button>
+      </div>
+      <n-text v-if="error" type="error" class="note">{{ error }}</n-text>
+
+      <div v-if="current" class="suggestions">
+        <n-text depth="3" class="note">
+          {{ current.acCount }} 个人用 {{ tab }} 做对过，下面是有一批人换了种写法也做对的地方
+        </n-text>
+        <n-text v-if="!shown.length" depth="3" class="note">没找到别的写法</n-text>
+        <div v-for="item in shown" :key="JSON.stringify(item.rules)" class="suggestion">
+          <div class="suggestionHead">
+            <div class="suggestionText">
+              <b>{{ item.wording }}</b>
+              <n-text depth="3" class="note">
+                {{ item.did }} 人这样做对<template v-if="item.firstShare !== null"
+                  >，第一次做对时 {{ item.firstShare }}% 这样写</template
+                >
+              </n-text>
+            </div>
+            <n-button
+              size="small"
+              :disabled="full"
+              @click="add({ wording: item.wording, rules: item.rules })"
+            >
+              加上
+            </n-button>
+          </div>
+          <pre class="example">{{ item.example }}</pre>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </template>
+  </div>
+</template>
+
+<style scoped>
+.challenge-editor {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 10px;
+}
+
+.item {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 8px;
+  padding: 10px 12px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(91, 52, 196, 0.3);
+  border-radius: 6px;
+}
+
+.itemHead {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+}
+
+.index {
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  width: 22px;
+  height: 22px;
+  border-radius: 11px;
+  background-color: rgba(91, 52, 196, 0.12);
+  color: #5b34c4;
+  font-size: 12px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+}
+
+.actions {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 8px;
+}
+
+.note {
+  font-size: 12px;
+}
+
+.suggestions {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+}
+
+.suggestion {
+  padding: 10px 0;
+  border-top: 1px solid rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.15);
+}
+
+.suggestionHead {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: flex-start;
+  justify-content: space-between;
+  gap: 12px;
+}
+
+.suggestionText {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 2px;
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+
+.example {
+  margin: 6px 0 0;
+  padding: 6px 10px;
+  border: 1px solid rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.2);
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  font-family: ui-monospace, "Cascadia Mono", Consolas, "Microsoft YaHei", monospace;
+  font-size: 12.5px;
+  line-height: 1.6;
+  white-space: pre;
+  overflow-x: auto;
+  max-height: 180px;
+}
+</style>

apps/web/src/admin/problem/detail.vue

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
-import { TEST_CASE_MAX_CASES, type RunnableLanguage } from "@oj2/contract"
+import { TEST_CASE_MAX_CASES, type ChallengeInput, type RunnableLanguage } from "@oj2/contract"
 import { useThemeVars } from "naive-ui"
 import PageHeader from "admin/components/PageHeader.vue"
 import { getProblemTagList } from "shared/api"
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import {
   uploadTestcases,
 } from "../api"
 import AstRulesEditor from "./components/AstRulesEditor.vue"
+import ChallengeEditor from "./components/ChallengeEditor.vue"
 import CaseTable from "./components/CaseTable.vue"
 import CodePreview from "./components/CodePreview.vue"
 import PreviewStrip from "./components/PreviewStrip.vue"
@@ -108,6 +109,8 @@ interface CodeForm {
   answers: Record<RunnableLanguage, string>
   templates: Record<RunnableLanguage, TemplateParts>
   astRules: AstRules | null
+  /** 做对之后的挑战，按语言分组（见契约 challengeSchema） */
+  challenges: Record<string, ChallengeInput[]> | null
   flowchartMode: FlowchartMode
   mermaidCode: string
   /** 画布画的参考流程图；null 是老题（只有手写的 Mermaid）或者还没画 */
@@ -135,6 +138,7 @@ const blankForm = (): CodeForm => ({
   answers: { Python: "", C: "", "C++": "" },
   templates: { Python: blankParts(), C: blankParts(), "C++": blankParts() },
   astRules: null,
+  challenges: null,
   flowchartMode: "none",
   mermaidCode: "",
   flowchartDoc: null,
@@ -428,6 +432,14 @@ watch(
 const showHidden = ref(false)
 const astChecks = ref<AstCheckState>({})
 
+const challengeSummary = computed(() => {
+  const parts = form.languages
+    .map((lang) => [lang, form.challenges?.[lang]?.length ?? 0] as const)
+    .filter(([, n]) => n > 0)
+    .map(([lang, n]) => `${lang} ${n} 条`)
+  return parts.length ? parts.join(" · ") : "没有"
+})
+
 const answersForAst = computed(() => ({ ...form.answers }) as Partial<Record<LANGUAGE, string>>)
 const templatesForPreview = computed(
   () => ({ ...form.templates }) as Partial<Record<LANGUAGE, TemplateParts>>,
@@ -493,6 +505,7 @@ const open = reactive({
   answer: true,
   cases: true,
   write: false,
+  challenge: false,
   flowchart: false,
   more: false,
 })
@@ -612,6 +625,15 @@ async function loadProblem(data: AdminProblem) {
     answers,
     templates,
     astRules: data.astRules ?? null,
+    // scannedAt 是后端记账用的，表单里不带；id 带着，规则没改就沿用（做到记录跟着 id 走）
+    challenges: data.challenges
+      ? Object.fromEntries(
+          Object.entries(data.challenges).map(([lang, list]) => [
+            lang,
+            list.map(({ id, wording, rules }) => ({ id, wording, rules })),
+          ]),
+        )
+      : null,
     flowchartMode: data.allowFlowchart ? "draw" : data.showFlowchart ? "show" : "none",
     mermaidCode: data.mermaidCode ?? "",
     flowchartDoc: parseDoc(data.flowchartData),
@@ -719,6 +741,15 @@ const blockers = computed<Blocker[]>(() => {
           })
       })
   }
+  for (const lang of form.languages) {
+    form.challenges?.[lang]?.forEach((item, i) => {
+      if (!item.wording.trim() || !item.rules.length)
+        list.push({
+          text: `把挑战 ${lang} 第 ${i + 1} 条${item.wording.trim() ? "的规则" : "的说法"}写上`,
+          section: "challenge",
+        })
+    })
+  }
   if (form.flowchartMode === "show") {
     if (legacyMermaid.value) {
       if (!mermaidOk.value)
@@ -804,6 +835,7 @@ async function save() {
           : null,
       flowchartHint: form.flowchartHint.trim(),
       astRules: form.astRules,
+      challenges: form.challenges,
       sqlConfig: null,
       sqlDisplay: null,
       contestId: props.contestID ? Number(props.contestID) : null,
@@ -1197,6 +1229,24 @@ onMounted(async () => {
         </template>
       </section>
 
+      <!-- 挑战 -->
+      <section id="section-challenge" class="card">
+        <button type="button" class="cardHead" @click="open.challenge = !open.challenge">
+          <h3>挑战</h3>
+          <span v-if="!open.challenge" class="summary">{{ challengeSummary }}</span>
+          <n-text v-else depth="3" class="note">选填，学生做对以后才看得到</n-text>
+          <span class="grow"></span>
+          <span class="caret">{{ open.challenge ? "⌃" : "›" }}</span>
+        </button>
+        <ChallengeEditor
+          v-if="open.challenge"
+          v-model="form.challenges"
+          :languages="form.languages"
+          :answers="answersForAst"
+          :problem-id="props.initial?.id ?? null"
+        />
+      </section>
+
       <!-- 流程图 -->
       <section id="section-flowchart" class="card">
         <button type="button" class="cardHead" @click="open.flowchart = !open.flowchart">

apps/web/src/oj/api.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import type {
+  ChallengeList,
   ClassLessonRequest,
   ContestPasswordRequest,
   CreateFlowchartRequest,
@@ -431,6 +432,15 @@ export function getSimilarProblems(problemId: string) {
     .then((response) => response.map(toProblemRow))
 }
 
+// ==================== 挑战 ====================
+
+/** 几道题、某种语言下的挑战（说法、几人做到、我做到没有），见契约 problemChallengeGroupSchema */
+export function getChallenges(problemIds: string[], language: string) {
+  return api.get<ChallengeList>("challenges", {
+    params: { problems: problemIds.join(","), language },
+  })
+}
+
 // ==================== 流程图相关API ====================
 
 export function submitFlowchart(data: {

apps/web/src/oj/classroom/board.vue

@@ -256,6 +256,17 @@ const groupCount = computed(() => {
   for (const student of students.value) count[groupOf(student)]++
   return count
 })
+/**
+ * 全做完了的人里有几个在挑战：做对之后又交了、还没做到（见契约 classBoardCellSchema.challenge）。
+ * 做完了又没在挑战的，就是空着的
+ */
+const challengingCount = computed(
+  () =>
+    students.value.filter(
+      (student) =>
+        groupOf(student) === "done" && student.cells.some((cell) => cell.challenge === "doing"),
+    ).length,
+)
 /** 每组第一个人，在他上面插一行组名 */
 const groupStarts = computed(() => {
   const starts = new Set<number>()
@@ -298,7 +309,11 @@ const problemStats = computed(() =>
     const done = present.value.filter((student) => student.cells[i]?.status === "accepted").length
     const wrong = present.value.filter((student) => student.cells[i]?.status === "tried").length
     const total = present.value.length
-    return { problem, done, wrong, none: total - done - wrong, total }
+    // 挑战成功几人：只有配了挑战的题才写
+    const challenged = problem.hasChallenges
+      ? present.value.filter((student) => student.cells[i]?.challenge === "done").length
+      : null
+    return { problem, done, wrong, none: total - done - wrong, total, challenged }
   }),
 )
 
@@ -532,6 +547,9 @@ function lastText(student: ClassBoardStudent) {
             <span class="card-foot">
               <span :class="stat.wrong ? 'wrong' : 'muted'">错着 {{ stat.wrong }}</span>
               <span class="muted">没做 {{ stat.none }}</span>
+              <span v-if="stat.challenged !== null" class="challenged">
+                挑战成功 {{ stat.challenged }}
+              </span>
             </span>
           </button>
         </div>
@@ -651,6 +669,9 @@ function lastText(student: ClassBoardStudent) {
                   <span class="group-label">
                     {{ GROUP_LABEL[groupOf(student)] }}
                     <span class="muted">{{ groupCount[groupOf(student)] }}</span>
+                    <span v-if="groupOf(student) === 'done' && challengingCount" class="challenged">
+                      在挑战 {{ challengingCount }}
+                    </span>
                   </span>
                 </td>
               </tr>
@@ -709,6 +730,7 @@ function lastText(student: ClassBoardStudent) {
                     v-if="cell.status === 'tried' && cell.latest"
                     type="button"
                     class="cell"
+                    :data-challenge="cell.challenge ?? undefined"
                     :style="cellStyle(cell)"
                     :title="cellTitle(cell, student)"
                     @click="openExplain(i, student.userId)"
@@ -727,6 +749,7 @@ function lastText(student: ClassBoardStudent) {
                       <button
                         type="button"
                         class="cell"
+                        :data-challenge="cell.challenge ?? undefined"
                         :class="{ picked: trailKey === `${student.userId}:${i}` }"
                         :style="cellStyle(cell)"
                         :title="cellTitle(cell, student)"
@@ -747,6 +770,7 @@ function lastText(student: ClassBoardStudent) {
                   <a
                     v-else-if="cell.attempts"
                     class="cell"
+                    :data-challenge="cell.challenge ?? undefined"
                     :style="cellStyle(cell)"
                     :href="submissionsHref(student, board.problems[i], !cell.codeAttempts)"
                     target="_blank"
@@ -757,6 +781,7 @@ function lastText(student: ClassBoardStudent) {
                   <span
                     v-else
                     class="cell"
+                    :data-challenge="cell.challenge ?? undefined"
                     :style="cellStyle(cell)"
                     :title="cellTitle(cell, student)"
                   >
@@ -1220,6 +1245,36 @@ a.cell {
   cursor: pointer;
 }
 
+/* 挑战：做到了贴一枚紫色筹码，在挑战加一圈紫边（设计稿 StkBoard） */
+.cell[data-challenge="done"] {
+  position: relative;
+}
+
+.cell[data-challenge="done"]::after {
+  content: "";
+  position: absolute;
+  right: -6px;
+  top: -6px;
+  width: 14px;
+  height: 14px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+  background: #5b34c4;
+  border: 3px solid #b49cf5;
+  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px v-bind("theme.cardColor");
+}
+
+.cell[data-challenge="doing"] {
+  box-shadow:
+    0 0 0 2px v-bind("theme.cardColor"),
+    0 0 0 4px #8f72e3;
+}
+
+.challenged {
+  color: #6a45d6;
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+
 .cell.picked {
   box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px v-bind("theme.textColor1");
 }

apps/web/src/oj/classroom/boardCells.ts

@@ -53,9 +53,12 @@ export function cellTitle(
   day: string | undefined,
 ) {
   if (cell.status === "accepted") {
-    return acceptedToday(cell, day)
+    const when = acceptedToday(cell, day)
       ? `${parseTime(cell.acceptedAt!, "HH:mm")} 做对`
       : "以前就做对了"
+    if (cell.challenge === "done") return `${when}，挑战也做到了`
+    if (cell.challenge === "doing") return `${when}，在挑战`
+    return when
   }
   if (cell.status === "tried") {
     if (cell.latest) return `讲讲 ${student.username} 这道题的错`

apps/web/src/oj/problem/components/ChallengeBar.vue

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+import { useChallengeStore } from "oj/store/challenge"
+import { useChallengeTone } from "../composables/challengeTone"
+import ChallengeIcon from "./ChallengeIcon.vue"
+
+/**
+ * 挑战中：编辑器顶上一条紫色的，写着要求和全站几人做到，随时「不挑战了」（设计稿 StkDoing）。
+ * 做到了换成「挑战成功」，留着让学生看一眼自己是照什么要求写的，再「回到普通模式」
+ */
+const challengeStore = useChallengeStore()
+const tone = useChallengeTone()
+const active = computed(() => challengeStore.active)
+const done = computed(() => !!active.value?.mine)
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <div v-if="active" class="challenge-bar">
+    <span class="pill">
+      <svg
+        v-if="done"
+        width="12"
+        height="12"
+        viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+        fill="none"
+        stroke="currentColor"
+        stroke-width="3"
+        stroke-linecap="round"
+        stroke-linejoin="round"
+        aria-hidden="true"
+      >
+        <path d="M5 12.5l4.5 4.5L19 7.5" />
+      </svg>
+      <ChallengeIcon v-else />
+      {{ done ? "挑战成功" : "挑战" }}
+    </span>
+    <b class="wording">{{ active.wording }}</b>
+    <span class="spacer" />
+    <span v-if="!done" class="meta">{{ active.doneCount }} 人做到</span>
+    <button type="button" class="quit" @click="challengeStore.stop()">
+      {{ done ? "回到普通模式" : "不挑战了" }}
+    </button>
+  </div>
+</template>
+
+<style scoped>
+.challenge-bar {
+  height: 44px;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+  padding: 0 14px;
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 10px;
+  background-color: v-bind("tone.soft");
+  border-bottom: 1px solid v-bind("tone.border");
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+
+.pill {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 5px;
+  height: 24px;
+  padding: 0 9px;
+  border-radius: 12px;
+  background-color: v-bind("tone.solid");
+  color: v-bind("tone.onSolid");
+  font-size: 13px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+.wording {
+  font-size: 15px;
+  color: v-bind("tone.text");
+  min-width: 0;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+}
+
+.spacer {
+  flex-grow: 1;
+}
+
+.meta {
+  font-size: 13px;
+  opacity: 0.75;
+}
+
+.quit {
+  height: 28px;
+  padding: 0 10px;
+  border: 1px solid v-bind("tone.border");
+  border-radius: 4px;
+  background: transparent;
+  font: inherit;
+  font-size: 13px;
+  color: v-bind("tone.text");
+  cursor: pointer;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+}
+
+/* 手机上一行放不下：说法最要紧，让它折行，人数不写了 */
+@media (max-width: 768px) {
+  .challenge-bar {
+    height: auto;
+    min-height: 44px;
+    padding: 6px 12px;
+    white-space: normal;
+  }
+
+  .wording {
+    flex: 1 1 0;
+  }
+
+  .spacer,
+  .meta {
+    display: none;
+  }
+}
+
+.quit:focus-visible {
+  outline: 2px solid v-bind("tone.solid");
+  outline-offset: 2px;
+}
+</style>

apps/web/src/oj/problem/components/ChallengeIcon.vue

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+/** 挑战的标记：一枚筹码（借的是小丑牌的赌注筹码），设计稿「做对后再挑战」 */
+withDefaults(defineProps<{ size?: number }>(), { size: 14 })
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <svg
+    :width="size"
+    :height="size"
+    viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+    fill="none"
+    stroke="currentColor"
+    stroke-width="2.2"
+    aria-hidden="true"
+  >
+    <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="9" />
+    <circle cx="12" cy="12" r="4" />
+    <path d="M12 3v3M12 18v3M3 12h3M18 12h3" stroke-linecap="round" />
+  </svg>
+</template>

apps/web/src/oj/problem/components/ChallengeList.vue

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+import type { ChallengeList } from "@oj2/contract"
+import { getChallenges } from "oj/api"
+import { useChallengeStore } from "oj/store/challenge"
+import { useChallengeTone } from "../composables/challengeTone"
+import ChallengeIcon from "./ChallengeIcon.vue"
+
+/**
+ * 「还能挑战」：这几道题里我做对了、还没做到的挑战，一条一行，「去挑战」（设计稿 StkDone）。
+ * 一条都没有就什么都不显示 —— 课堂题多是一两行，能出挑战的只是一部分。
+ */
+const props = defineProps<{
+  problemIds: string[]
+  language: string
+  /** 变了就重拉：刚做对 / 刚做到一条挑战，列表里要去掉它 */
+  refreshKey?: string
+}>()
+
+const challengeStore = useChallengeStore()
+const tone = useChallengeTone()
+
+const groups = ref<ChallengeList>([])
+let sequence = 0
+watch(
+  () => [props.problemIds.join(","), props.language, props.refreshKey] as const,
+  async () => {
+    const mine = ++sequence
+    if (!props.problemIds.length || !props.language) {
+      groups.value = []
+      return
+    }
+    try {
+      const list = await getChallenges(props.problemIds, props.language)
+      if (mine === sequence) groups.value = list
+    } catch {
+      if (mine === sequence) groups.value = []
+    }
+  },
+  { immediate: true },
+)
+
+const rows = computed(() =>
+  groups.value.flatMap((group) =>
+    // 没做对的题不给接挑战：挑战是做对之后的事
+    group.solved
+      ? group.challenges
+          .filter((challenge) => !challenge.mine)
+          .map((challenge) => ({ group, challenge }))
+      : [],
+  ),
+)
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <section v-if="rows.length" class="challenge-list" aria-label="还能挑战">
+    <div class="head">
+      <span class="pill"><ChallengeIcon />挑战</span>
+      <b>还能挑战</b>
+    </div>
+    <div v-for="({ group, challenge }, i) in rows" :key="challenge.id" class="row">
+      <div class="text">
+        <div class="problem">
+          <b>{{ group.problemId }}</b> <span class="title">{{ group.title }}</span>
+        </div>
+        <b class="wording">{{ challenge.wording }}</b>
+        <span class="stat">
+          {{ group.acCount }} 个做对的人里，{{ challenge.doneCount }} 人做到
+        </span>
+      </div>
+      <button
+        type="button"
+        class="go"
+        :class="{ ghost: i > 0 }"
+        @click="challengeStore.start(group.problemId, challenge.id)"
+      >
+        去挑战
+        <svg
+          width="16"
+          height="16"
+          viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+          fill="none"
+          stroke="currentColor"
+          stroke-width="2.5"
+          stroke-linecap="round"
+          stroke-linejoin="round"
+          aria-hidden="true"
+        >
+          <path d="M5 12h14M13 6l6 6-6 6" />
+        </svg>
+      </button>
+    </div>
+  </section>
+</template>
+
+<style scoped>
+.challenge-list {
+  margin-top: 14px;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 8px;
+}
+
+.head {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 8px;
+  font-size: 15px;
+}
+
+.pill {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 5px;
+  height: 24px;
+  padding: 0 9px;
+  border-radius: 12px;
+  background-color: v-bind("tone.solid");
+  color: v-bind("tone.onSolid");
+  font-size: 13px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+
+.row {
+  display: grid;
+  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 4px 16px;
+  padding: 12px 14px;
+  border: 1px solid v-bind("tone.border");
+  border-radius: 8px;
+}
+
+.text {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 3px;
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+
+.problem {
+  font-size: 13px;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  text-overflow: ellipsis;
+}
+
+.title,
+.stat {
+  opacity: 0.7;
+}
+
+.stat {
+  font-size: 13px;
+}
+
+.wording {
+  font-size: 17px;
+  line-height: 24px;
+  color: v-bind("tone.text");
+}
+
+.go {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 6px;
+  height: 40px;
+  padding: 0 16px;
+  border-radius: 6px;
+  border: 1px solid v-bind("tone.solid");
+  background-color: v-bind("tone.solid");
+  color: v-bind("tone.onSolid");
+  font: inherit;
+  font-size: 15px;
+  font-weight: 600;
+  white-space: nowrap;
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.go.ghost {
+  background-color: transparent;
+  color: v-bind("tone.text");
+  border-color: v-bind("tone.border");
+}
+
+.go:focus-visible {
+  outline: 2px solid v-bind("tone.solid");
+  outline-offset: 2px;
+}
+
+/* 手机上按钮另起一行占满，好按 */
+@media (max-width: 768px) {
+  .row {
+    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
+  }
+
+  .go {
+    justify-content: center;
+    height: 44px;
+  }
+}
+</style>

apps/web/src/oj/problem/components/ChallengeOutcome.vue

@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+<script setup lang="ts">
+import type { AstResultInfo } from "@oj2/contract"
+import { useChallengeStore } from "oj/store/challenge"
+import { clearChallengeLines, showChallengeLines } from "oj/problem/utils/errorMark"
+import { useChallengeTone } from "../composables/challengeTone"
+import ChallengeIcon from "./ChallengeIcon.vue"
+
+/**
+ * 挑战中交的这一次，挑战成没成（设计稿 StkFail / StkPass）。答案本身是对的 —— 没做到挑战
+ * 也照样算做对，所以没做到时大字写「答案对了，挑战还差一点」，不是错误的红色。
+ */
+const props = defineProps<{
+  passed: boolean
+  results: AstResultInfo[]
+  wording: string
+}>()
+
+const challengeStore = useChallengeStore()
+const tone = useChallengeTone()
+
+const failed = computed(() => props.results.filter((result) => !result.passed))
+
+/** 「print() 至多调用 1 次，现在 3 次」 */
+const reason = computed(() =>
+  failed.value
+    .map((result) =>
+      result.actual !== undefined
+        ? `${result.description}，现在 ${result.actual} 次`
+        : result.description,
+    )
+    .join("；"),
+)
+
+const lines = computed(() => [...new Set(failed.value.flatMap((result) => result.lines ?? []))])
+
+// 编辑器里把那几行标紫。做到了、换了一次提交就清掉
+watch(
+  () => (props.passed ? [] : lines.value),
+  (value) => (value.length ? showChallengeLines(value) : clearChallengeLines()),
+  { immediate: true },
+)
+onUnmounted(clearChallengeLines)
+
+/** 做到了：本班、全站第几个。刚判完那一刻列表还没重拉，先不显示 */
+const mine = computed(() => (props.passed ? (challengeStore.active?.mine ?? null) : null))
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <div class="challenge-outcome">
+    <div class="line">
+      <span class="badge" :class="{ outline: !passed }" aria-hidden="true">
+        <ChallengeIcon :size="18" />
+      </span>
+      <div class="text">
+        <b class="title">{{ passed ? "挑战成功" : "答案对了，挑战还差一点" }}</b>
+        <span class="sub">{{ passed ? wording : reason }}</span>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+    <div v-if="!passed" class="chips">
+      <span class="chip ok">
+        <svg
+          width="12"
+          height="12"
+          viewBox="0 0 24 24"
+          fill="none"
+          stroke="currentColor"
+          stroke-width="3"
+          stroke-linecap="round"
+          stroke-linejoin="round"
+          aria-hidden="true"
+        >
+          <path d="M5 12.5l4.5 4.5L19 7.5" />
+        </svg>
+        测试点全对
+      </span>
+      <span v-if="lines.length" class="chip mark">第 {{ lines.join("、") }} 行</span>
+    </div>
+    <div v-if="mine" class="tiles">
+      <div v-if="mine.classRank !== null" class="tile">
+        <b>第 {{ mine.classRank }} 个</b>
+        <span>本班做到的</span>
+      </div>
+      <div class="tile">
+        <b>第 {{ mine.siteRank }} 个</b>
+        <span>全站做到的</span>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</template>
+
+<style scoped>
+.challenge-outcome {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 14px;
+}
+
+.line {
+  display: flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 12px;
+}
+
+.badge {
+  width: 34px;
+  height: 34px;
+  border-radius: 50%;
+  flex-shrink: 0;
+  box-sizing: border-box;
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  justify-content: center;
+  background-color: v-bind("tone.solid");
+  color: v-bind("tone.onSolid");
+}
+
+.badge.outline {
+  background-color: transparent;
+  border: 2px solid v-bind("tone.solid");
+  color: v-bind("tone.solid");
+}
+
+.text {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  gap: 2px;
+  min-width: 0;
+}
+
+.title {
+  font-size: 22px;
+  line-height: 28px;
+  color: v-bind("tone.text");
+}
+
+.sub {
+  font-size: 14px;
+  opacity: 0.75;
+}
+
+.chips {
+  display: flex;
+  flex-wrap: wrap;
+  gap: 6px;
+}
+
+.chip {
+  display: inline-flex;
+  align-items: center;
+  gap: 4px;
+  height: 26px;
+  padding: 0 9px;
+  border-radius: 13px;
+  font-size: 13px;
+}
+
+.chip.ok {
+  background-color: rgba(24, 160, 88, 0.12);
+  color: #18a058;
+}
+
+.chip.mark {
+  background-color: v-bind("tone.soft");
+  color: v-bind("tone.text");
+  font-weight: 600;
+}
+
+.tiles {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: 10px;
+}
+
+.tile {
+  flex: 1;
+  display: flex;
+  flex-direction: column;
+  padding: 10px 14px;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  border: 1px solid v-bind("tone.border");
+  background-color: v-bind("tone.soft");
+}
+
+.tile b {
+  font-size: 24px;
+  line-height: 30px;
+  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
+  color: v-bind("tone.text");
+}
+
+.tile span {
+  font-size: 13px;
+  opacity: 0.75;
+}
+</style>

apps/web/src/oj/problem/components/LessonNext.vue

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { useThemeVars } from "naive-ui"
 import { useLessonStore } from "shared/store/lesson"
+import ChallengeList from "./ChallengeList.vue"
 
 /**
  * 通过之后告诉学生「这节课的下一题是哪道」。
@@ -16,6 +17,12 @@ import { useLessonStore } from "shared/store/lesson"
 const props = defineProps<{
   /** 当前这道题的展示题号 */
   problemDisplayId: string
+  /** 刚做对用的语言：挑战按语言分 */
+  language: string
+  /** 刚做对的那次提交，换了就重拉「还能挑战」 */
+  refreshKey: string
+  /** 这个入口给不给挑战（见 problemPageContext） */
+  challenges: boolean
 }>()
 
 const lessonStore = useLessonStore()
@@ -31,6 +38,11 @@ const lesson = computed(() => lessonStore.nextAfter(props.problemDisplayId))
 
 // 设计稿和上下文条都叫「这节课」，不区分是老师布置的还是从同班提交推断的
 const label = "这节课"
+
+/** 这节课的几道题：都做完了以后，这几道里还能挑战的列出来（设计稿 StkDone） */
+const lessonProblemIds = computed(
+  () => lessonStore.activity?.problems.map((item) => item.problemDisplayId) ?? [],
+)
 </script>
 
 <template>
@@ -66,13 +78,18 @@ const label = "这节课"
     <template v-else>
       <div class="text">
         <span class="headline">{{ label }}都做完了，一共 {{ lesson.total }} 道</span>
-        <span class="detail">想接着练，可以去题单里挑一个</span>
+        <span v-if="!challenges" class="detail">想接着练，可以去题单里挑一个</span>
       </div>
-      <router-link to="/problemset" class="next secondary">
+      <router-link v-if="!challenges" to="/problemset" class="next secondary">
         <span class="next-label">去题单继续练</span>
       </router-link>
     </template>
   </div>
+  <!-- 做完了：先给这节课里还能挑战的，再给题单（设计稿 StkDone）。挑战一条都没有时只剩题单那句 -->
+  <template v-if="lesson && !lesson.next && challenges">
+    <ChallengeList :problem-ids="lessonProblemIds" :language="language" :refresh-key="refreshKey" />
+    <router-link to="/problemset" class="more">去题单继续练</router-link>
+  </template>
 </template>
 
 <style scoped>
@@ -129,6 +146,17 @@ const label = "这节课"
   outline-offset: 2px;
 }
 
+.more {
+  display: inline-block;
+  margin-top: 12px;
+  font-size: 14px;
+  color: v-bind("theme.primaryColor");
+}
+
+.more:hover {
+  text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
 .next.secondary {
   background-color: transparent;
   border: 1px solid v-bind("theme.primaryColor");

apps/web/src/oj/problem/components/ProblemEditor.vue

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ import { errorMarkExtensions } from "oj/problem/utils/errorMark"
 import { editorFocusTracker } from "oj/problem/utils/symbolKeys"
 import { hangWrapExtensions } from "shared/extensions/hangIndent"
 import EditorToolbar from "./EditorToolbar.vue"
+import ChallengeBar from "./ChallengeBar.vue"
+import { useChallengeStore } from "oj/store/challenge"
 import { useDraftKey } from "../composables/draftKey"
 import { useCollabHere, useTeacherCollab } from "../composables/teacherCollab"
 import { useProblemPageContext } from "../composables/problemPageContext"
@@ -99,9 +101,14 @@ const storageKey = useDraftKey()
 
 // 桌面：顶栏 56 + 工具栏 48，协作条再占 40（两栏顶满内容区，见 detail.vue 的 problem-split）。
 // 手机：顶栏两行 + 课堂条 + 页签 + 工具栏约 236px，底部还有「运行例子 / 提交」那条约 64px
+// 挑战中编辑器顶上多一条 44 的挑战条（协作中的老师不显示，见模板）
+const challengeStore = useChallengeStore()
+const showChallengeBar = computed(
+  () => ctx.value.challenges && !teacherCollab.value && !!challengeStore.active,
+)
 const editorHeight = computed(() => {
   const base = isDesktop.value ? 104 : 300
-  return `calc(100vh - ${base + (teacherCollab.value ? 40 : 0)}px)`
+  return `calc(100vh - ${base + (teacherCollab.value ? 40 : 0) + (showChallengeBar.value ? 44 : 0)}px)`
 })
 
 function loadCode() {
@@ -220,6 +227,7 @@ onBeforeUnmount(() => flowchartStore.attachEditor(null))
 <template>
   <div class="problem-editor">
     <CollabBar v-if="teacherCollab" />
+    <ChallengeBar v-if="showChallengeBar" />
     <EditorToolbar @change-language="changeLanguage" />
     <!--
       协作中教师这边不会落到流程图分支：上面那个 watch 已经把他的语言换成了学生的，

apps/web/src/oj/problem/components/SubmissionResult.vue

@@ -21,6 +21,9 @@ import WrongAnswerExplain from "./WrongAnswerExplain.vue"
 import LessonNext from "./LessonNext.vue"
 import ResultHeader from "./ResultHeader.vue"
 import SimilarProblems from "./SimilarProblems.vue"
+import ChallengeList from "./ChallengeList.vue"
+import ChallengeOutcome from "./ChallengeOutcome.vue"
+import { useChallengeStore } from "oj/store/challenge"
 import { useLessonStore } from "shared/store/lesson"
 import { useProblemPageContext } from "../composables/problemPageContext"
 import Markdown from "shared/components/Markdown.vue"
@@ -109,6 +112,40 @@ const showSimilar = computed(
     !lessonStore.includes(problemStore.problem._id),
 )
 
+/**
+ * 挑战中交的这一次：正在挑战的那条判出来的结果（设计稿 StkFail / StkPass）。只有做对的提交
+ * 才判挑战；进挑战之前那次做对的不算（见 challenge store 的 baselineSubmissionId）
+ */
+const challengeStore = useChallengeStore()
+const challengeVerdict = computed(() => {
+  const submission = props.submission
+  if (!submission || props.peer || !ctx.value.challenges) return null
+  if (submission.result !== SubmissionStatus.accepted) return null
+  const id = challengeStore.activeId
+  if (!id || submission.id === challengeStore.baselineSubmissionId) return null
+  return submission.statisticInfo?.challenges?.find((verdict) => verdict.id === id) ?? null
+})
+// 做到了：重拉一次，挑战条换成「挑战成功」、拿到本班 / 全站第几个
+watch(
+  () => (challengeVerdict.value?.passed ? props.submission?.id : null),
+  (id) => {
+    if (id) void challengeStore.load()
+  },
+)
+
+/**
+ * 「还能挑战」看哪几道：这道在这节课里就看这节课的几道（课堂条「这节课都做完了」之后），
+ * 不在就只看这一道
+ */
+const challengeProblemIds = computed(() => {
+  const problem = problemStore.problem
+  if (!problem) return []
+  const lesson = lessonStore.activity
+  return lessonStore.includes(problem._id) && lesson
+    ? lesson.problems.map((item) => item.problemDisplayId)
+    : [problem._id]
+})
+
 const msg = computed(() => {
   if (!props.submission) return ""
   // 走 CompileErrorExplain / RuntimeErrorExplain 那两张中文卡片
@@ -298,18 +335,44 @@ const columns: DataTableColumn<JudgeCaseResult>[] = [
 
 <template>
   <div v-if="submission">
-    <ResultHeader
-      v-if="header"
-      :kind="header.kind"
-      :title="header.title"
-      :sub="header.sub"
-      :progress="header.progress"
-    />
-    <LessonNext
-      v-if="showLessonNext && problemStore.problem"
-      :problem-display-id="problemStore.problem._id"
-    />
-    <SimilarProblems v-if="showSimilar" title="再练几道相似的" />
+    <!-- 挑战中：答案对了就只说挑战成没成，「下一题」「相似题」都不给，免得挤掉挑战 -->
+    <template v-if="challengeVerdict && challengeStore.active">
+      <ChallengeOutcome
+        :passed="challengeVerdict.passed"
+        :results="challengeVerdict.results"
+        :wording="challengeStore.active.wording"
+      />
+      <ChallengeList
+        v-if="challengeVerdict.passed"
+        :problem-ids="challengeProblemIds"
+        :language="submission.language"
+        :refresh-key="submission.id"
+      />
+    </template>
+    <template v-else>
+      <ResultHeader
+        v-if="header"
+        :kind="header.kind"
+        :title="header.title"
+        :sub="header.sub"
+        :progress="header.progress"
+      />
+      <LessonNext
+        v-if="showLessonNext && problemStore.problem"
+        :problem-display-id="problemStore.problem._id"
+        :language="submission.language"
+        :refresh-key="submission.id"
+        :challenges="ctx.challenges"
+      />
+      <!-- 不在这节课里（题库入口自己做的）：做对之后先给这道题的挑战，再给相似题 -->
+      <ChallengeList
+        v-if="showSimilar && ctx.challenges && problemStore.problem"
+        :problem-ids="[problemStore.problem._id]"
+        :language="submission.language"
+        :refresh-key="submission.id"
+      />
+      <SimilarProblems v-if="showSimilar" title="再练几道相似的" />
+    </template>
     <n-flex
       vertical
       v-if="

apps/web/src/oj/problem/composables/challengeTone.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/**
+ * 挑战的颜色：紫。课堂条是绿、题单条是蓝、比赛条是黄，挑战不能和它们撞（设计稿「做对后再挑战」）。
+ * Naive 的主题里没有紫，暗色下换浅一档，深紫放在暗底上看不清
+ */
+export function useChallengeTone() {
+  const isDark = useDark()
+  return computed(() =>
+    isDark.value
+      ? {
+          solid: "#b49cf5",
+          onSolid: "#17112b",
+          text: "#c9b8ff",
+          soft: "rgba(180, 156, 245, 0.14)",
+          border: "rgba(180, 156, 245, 0.35)",
+        }
+      : {
+          solid: "#5b34c4",
+          onSolid: "#ffffff",
+          text: "#2c1a66",
+          soft: "#f4f0fe",
+          border: "#ddd3f6",
+        },
+  )
+}

apps/web/src/oj/problem/composables/problemPageContext.ts

@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@ interface EntryRules {
   similar: boolean
   /** 通过之后给「这节课的下一题」 */
   lessonNext: boolean
+  /**
+   * 做对之后的挑战（编辑器顶上的挑战条、结果里的「还能挑战」）。题单里通过后 1.5 秒就跳回去，
+   * 比赛提交不判挑战
+   */
+  challenges: boolean
   /** 通过之后 1.5 秒弹强制点评 */
   reviewAfterAccepted: boolean
   /** 通过之后 1.5 秒回题单 */
@@ -57,6 +62,7 @@ const RULES: Record<ProblemEntry, EntryRules> = {
     statusTag: true,
     similar: true,
     lessonNext: true,
+    challenges: true,
     reviewAfterAccepted: true,
     backToProblemSet: false,
     help: true,
@@ -71,6 +77,7 @@ const RULES: Record<ProblemEntry, EntryRules> = {
     // 点进相似题就离开了题单
     similar: false,
     lessonNext: false,
+    challenges: false,
     // 1.5 秒后要跳回题单页，弹了也会被冲掉
     reviewAfterAccepted: false,
     backToProblemSet: true,
@@ -86,6 +93,7 @@ const RULES: Record<ProblemEntry, EntryRules> = {
     // 撞上同号公开题时反而会在比赛中把题库列给学生
     similar: false,
     lessonNext: false,
+    challenges: false,
     reviewAfterAccepted: false,
     backToProblemSet: false,
     help: false,

apps/web/src/oj/problem/utils/errorMark.ts

@@ -75,6 +75,30 @@ const markField = StateField.define<DecorationSet>({
   provide: (field) => EditorView.decorations.from(field),
 })
 
+/**
+ * 挑战没做到时标出是哪几行（「print 最多 1 次」→ 三个 print 所在的三行），紫底，和挑战
+ * 那条的颜色一致。和错误标记分开存：答案对了、挑战没做到时没有错误可标，两种也不会同时出现
+ */
+const setChallengeLines = StateEffect.define<number[]>()
+const challengeLineDeco = Decoration.line({ class: "cm-challenge-line" })
+
+const challengeField = StateField.define<DecorationSet>({
+  create: () => Decoration.none,
+  update(deco, tr) {
+    deco = deco.map(tr.changes)
+    for (const effect of tr.effects) {
+      if (effect.is(setChallengeLines)) {
+        const lines = effect.value.filter((line) => line >= 1 && line <= tr.state.doc.lines)
+        deco = Decoration.set(
+          lines.map((line) => challengeLineDeco.range(tr.state.doc.line(line).from)),
+        )
+      }
+    }
+    return deco
+  },
+  provide: (field) => EditorView.decorations.from(field),
+})
+
 /**
  * 题目页当前那个编辑器。结果面板和编辑器是兄弟组件，隔着好几层，
  * 与其一路透传 ref，不如让编辑器挂载时自己登记。只挂在题目页主编辑器上
@@ -98,6 +122,11 @@ const theme = EditorView.baseTheme({
     textUnderlineOffset: "3px",
     backgroundColor: "rgba(208, 48, 80, 0.18)",
   },
+  // 左边再压一道紫线：光标所在那行的底色会盖住行底色，线不会被盖
+  ".cm-challenge-line": {
+    backgroundColor: "rgba(91, 52, 196, 0.12)",
+    boxShadow: "inset 3px 0 0 #8f72e3",
+  },
   ".cm-punctuation-mark": {
     backgroundColor: "rgba(240, 160, 32, 0.35)",
     outline: "1px solid rgba(240, 160, 32, 0.8)",
@@ -105,7 +134,7 @@ const theme = EditorView.baseTheme({
   },
 })
 
-export const errorMarkExtensions = [markField, punctuationField, tracker, theme]
+export const errorMarkExtensions = [markField, punctuationField, challengeField, tracker, theme]
 
 /** 题目页主编辑器（没挂着就是 null）。手机上的符号键往它里面插字 */
 export function currentEditorView(): EditorView | null {
@@ -145,6 +174,15 @@ export function showErrorMark(
   })
 }
 
+/** 标出挑战没做到的那几行（行号来自判题时的 AST，学生之后改过代码的话会对不上，不滚过去） */
+export function showChallengeLines(lines: number[]) {
+  current?.dispatch({ effects: setChallengeLines.of(lines) })
+}
+
+export function clearChallengeLines() {
+  current?.dispatch({ effects: setChallengeLines.of([]) })
+}
+
 export function clearErrorMark() {
   current?.dispatch({ effects: setMark.of(null) })
 }

apps/web/src/oj/store/challenge.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import { defineStore } from "pinia"
+import type { ProblemChallengeGroup } from "@oj2/contract"
+import { getChallenges } from "oj/api"
+import { useCodeStore } from "oj/store/code"
+import { useProblemStore } from "oj/store/problem"
+import { useSubmissionStore } from "oj/store/submission"
+import { useBreakpoints } from "shared/composables/breakpoints"
+
+/**
+ * 挑战：做对之后，同一道题加一条写法上的限制再做一遍（契约 challengeSchema）。
+ *
+ * 正在挑战哪一条记在路由的 `?challenge=<id>` 上：「去挑战」常常是去另一道题（这节课的
+ * 别的题），带着 query 跳过去最直接；刷新、返回也还在挑战里。
+ *
+ * 这里只管当前这道题的挑战（编辑器顶上那条、结果里的成没成）。课堂条「这节课都做完了」
+ * 那几道题的列表由 ChallengeList 自己拉。
+ */
+export const useChallengeStore = defineStore("challenge", () => {
+  const route = useRoute()
+  const router = useRouter()
+  const problemStore = useProblemStore()
+  const codeStore = useCodeStore()
+  const { isMobile } = useBreakpoints()
+
+  const activeId = computed(() =>
+    typeof route.query.challenge === "string" ? route.query.challenge : "",
+  )
+
+  /**
+   * 进挑战那一刻结果页签里挂着的那次提交。它是进挑战之前那次做对的，也判过挑战（没做到），
+   * 不能拿它说「挑战还差一点」—— 只认之后交的。不用时刻比：机房电脑的钟不一定准
+   */
+  const submissionStore = useSubmissionStore()
+  const baselineSubmissionId = ref<string | null>(null)
+  watch(
+    activeId,
+    (id) => {
+      if (id) baselineSubmissionId.value = submissionStore.submission?.id ?? null
+    },
+    { immediate: true },
+  )
+
+  /** 当前这道题、编辑器当前语言下的挑战；没配挑战为 null */
+  const current = ref<ProblemChallengeGroup | null>(null)
+  let sequence = 0
+  async function load() {
+    const problemId = problemStore.problem?._id
+    const language = codeStore.code.language
+    const mine = ++sequence
+    if (!problemId || language === "Flowchart" || problemStore.problem?.contestId != null) {
+      current.value = null
+      return
+    }
+    try {
+      const [group] = await getChallenges([problemId], language)
+      if (mine === sequence) current.value = group ?? null
+    } catch {
+      // 拉不到就没有挑战，不影响做题
+      if (mine === sequence) current.value = null
+    }
+  }
+  watch([() => problemStore.problem?._id, () => codeStore.code.language], load, {
+    immediate: true,
+  })
+
+  /** 正在挑战的那条（换了语言、挑战被老师删了就是 null） */
+  const active = computed(
+    () => current.value?.challenges.find((item) => item.id === activeId.value) ?? null,
+  )
+
+  function start(problemId: string, challengeId: string) {
+    // 进挑战先看题和代码：手机上编辑器是单独一个页签
+    const tab = isMobile.value ? "editor" : "content"
+    void router.push({
+      name: "problem",
+      params: { problemID: problemId },
+      query: { challenge: challengeId, tab },
+    })
+  }
+
+  function stop() {
+    const { challenge: _, ...rest } = route.query
+    void router.replace({ query: rest })
+  }
+
+  return { activeId, active, current, baselineSubmissionId, load, start, stop }
+})

apps/web/src/utils/types.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import type {
   ProblemDifficulty,
   JudgeStatus,
   AstRules,
+  ChallengeInput,
   CreateAnnouncementRequest,
   ProblemLanguage,
 } from "@oj2/contract"
@@ -142,8 +143,10 @@ type ExcludeKeys =
 
 export type BlankProblem = Omit<
   AdminProblem,
-  ExcludeKeys | "hint" | "mermaidCode" | "flowchartData"
+  ExcludeKeys | "hint" | "mermaidCode" | "flowchartData" | "challenges"
 > & {
+  /** 提交的挑战：新加的不带 id，后端发（见契约 challengeInputSchema） */
+  challenges?: Record<string, ChallengeInput[]> | null
   id?: number
   // 新建比赛题时由 detail.vue 在提交前写进来
   contestId?: number | null

docker/pull-prod.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+#
+# 把服务器上的最新数据拉到本机 dev：数据库整库换掉，可选把测试点、题面图片、头像一起同步。
+# 统计、画设计稿、实跑验证都要真实数据，原来靠手工备份 → 拷回来 → 恢复，每次都要重踩
+# docs/deploy.md「备份与灾难恢复」里那两个坑。
+#
+# ## 用法（在本机跑）
+#
+#   docker/pull-prod.sh                  # 只换库
+#   docker/pull-prod.sh --files          # 换库 + 同步测试点、题面图片、头像
+#   docker/pull-prod.sh --files-only     # 只同步文件，库不动
+#   docker/pull-prod.sh --force          # 本机 dev 还连着库也照换（断开它们，dev 会自己重连）
+#   PROD_HOST=debian docker/pull-prod.sh # ssh 的主机名，默认就是 debian（~/.ssh/config 里的别名）
+#
+# 换下来的旧库改名成 onlinejudge_prev 留着，后悔了：
+#
+#   docker exec oj2-postgres psql -U onlinejudge -d postgres \
+#     -c 'drop database onlinejudge' -c 'alter database onlinejudge_prev rename to onlinejudge'
+#
+# 拉完如果本机代码比线上新（有还没上线的迁移），再跑一次 `bun run db:migrate`。
+#
+# ## 对服务器只读
+#
+# 服务器上只跑 pg_dump（单个快照事务，不锁表，学生照常提交）和 rsync 的读端。
+# 服务器只有 2 核，pg_dump 会占一个核十几秒 —— 上课时间（工作日 8–17 点）会提醒一句。
+#
+# ## 几个刻意的做法
+#
+# - **只导 onlinejudge 这一个库，不用 pg_dumpall**。pg_dumpall 带角色和口令，灌回来会把
+#   本机 onlinejudge 的口令改成线上的，.env 里的 DATABASE_URL 当场连不上（deploy.md 的坑 1）。
+#   pg_dump -Fc + pg_restore --no-owner --no-privileges 只搬数据和结构。
+# - **先落盘、验完再灌**。直接 `ssh ... | pg_restore` 网络一断就是半个库。落盘的 dump 先
+#   pg_restore -l 读一遍目录，读不出来就不往下走。
+# - **灌进新库再换名，不在原库上 --clean**。原库连着 dev 的 api / worker 时，--clean 的
+#   DROP TABLE 会卡在锁上（deploy.md 的坑 2）；灌新库不用停 dev，只有最后换名那一下要求
+#   没人连着。灌到一半失败，原库原封不动。
+# - **dump 存仓库外面**（默认 <仓库上级>/backups，和 backup-db.sh 一处），umask 077：
+#   里面有 user.raw_password 明文。只留最近 3 份 prod_pull_*.dump。
+# - **文件同步不带 --delete**。本机后台出题时生成的测试点只在本机，镜像过来会把它们删掉。
+#   不带 owner / group / 权限：线上是 root 的，本机要你自己和判题沙箱都读得了。
+#
+# 本机库换成线上的之后，账号口令也都是线上的了 —— 自己在本机改过的测试口令要重设。
+
+# 同 backup-db.sh：被 sh 调起时换成 bash，pipefail 是 bash 专有的
+[ -n "${BASH_VERSION:-}" ] || exec bash "$0" "$@"
+set -euo pipefail
+
+cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")/.."
+REPO_DIR="$PWD"
+
+PROD_HOST="${PROD_HOST:-debian}"
+REMOTE_CONTAINER="${REMOTE_CONTAINER:-oj-postgres}"
+# 服务器 docker/.env 里的 DATA_DIR
+REMOTE_DATA="${REMOTE_DATA:-/root/OJDeploy/data}"
+LOCAL_CONTAINER="${LOCAL_CONTAINER:-oj2-postgres}"
+DB_USER=onlinejudge
+DB_NAME=onlinejudge
+INCOMING="${DB_NAME}_incoming"
+PREV="${DB_NAME}_prev"
+OUT_DIR="${BACKUP_DIR:-$(dirname "$REPO_DIR")/backups}"
+KEEP=3
+
+DO_DB=1
+DO_FILES=0
+FORCE=0
+while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --files)      DO_FILES=1; shift ;;
+    --files-only) DO_FILES=1; DO_DB=0; shift ;;
+    --force)      FORCE=1; shift ;;
+    *) echo "未知参数：$1（可用：--files、--files-only、--force）" >&2; exit 2 ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+say()  { printf '\n\033[1;36m==> %s\033[0m\n' "$*"; }
+ok()   { printf '    \033[32m✓\033[0m %s\n' "$*"; }
+warn() { printf '    \033[33m!\033[0m %s\n' "$*"; }
+die()  { printf '\n\033[1;31m❌ %s\033[0m\n\n' "$*" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+# drop database if exists 在库不存在时会打一条 NOTICE，正常情况不该有噪音
+local_psql() { docker exec -e PGOPTIONS="-c client_min_messages=warning" "$LOCAL_CONTAINER" psql -U "$DB_USER" -v ON_ERROR_STOP=1 "$@"; }
+# ssh 把参数拼成一行交给远端的 shell 重新拆，'select 1' 这种带空格的参数会被拆成两个。
+# 逐个 %q 转义之后再拼，远端拆出来的才和这边写的一样
+remote()     { ssh -o BatchMode=yes "$PROD_HOST" "$(printf '%q ' "$@")"; }
+
+# 本机除了这个脚本自己以外，还有谁连着 onlinejudge（dev 的 api、worker、开着的 psql）
+others_connected() {
+  local_psql -d postgres -tAc \
+    "select count(*) from pg_stat_activity where datname = '$DB_NAME' and pid <> pg_backend_pid()" \
+    | tr -d '[:space:]'
+}
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- 自检
+say "自检"
+
+remote true 2>/dev/null \
+  || die "ssh $PROD_HOST 连不上（BatchMode，不会问口令）。先确认 ssh $PROD_HOST 能直接登进去"
+ok "ssh $PROD_HOST 通"
+
+if [ "$DO_DB" -eq 1 ]; then
+  remote docker exec "$REMOTE_CONTAINER" psql -U "$DB_USER" -d "$DB_NAME" -tAc 'select 1' >/dev/null 2>&1 \
+    || die "服务器上连不上 $REMOTE_CONTAINER 里的 $DB_NAME。容器名不对就用 REMOTE_CONTAINER=... 指定"
+  ok "服务器的 $REMOTE_CONTAINER 能连上"
+
+  docker ps --filter "name=^/${LOCAL_CONTAINER}\$" --filter status=running -q | grep -q . \
+    || die "本机容器 $LOCAL_CONTAINER 没在跑，先 bun run db:up"
+  ok "本机的 $LOCAL_CONTAINER 在跑"
+
+  # 换名那一步才真正要求没人连着，但在下载之前就先说，省得白等
+  n=$(others_connected)
+  if [ "${n:-0}" != 0 ]; then
+    [ "$FORCE" -eq 1 ] \
+      || die "本机还有 $n 个连接连着 $DB_NAME（多半是 bun run dev 的 api / worker）。
+   停掉 dev 再跑，或者加 --force：换名前断开它们，dev 会自己重连到新库"
+    warn "本机有 $n 个连接，--force 已指定，换名前会断开"
+  fi
+
+  # 服务器的时钟是 UTC 还是东八区不确定，按 TZ 显式取东八区（大陆没有夏令时）
+  read -r dow hour < <(TZ=Asia/Shanghai date '+%u %-H')
+  if [ "$dow" -le 5 ] && [ "$hour" -ge 8 ] && [ "$hour" -lt 17 ]; then
+    warn "现在是上课时间，服务器只有 2 核，pg_dump 会占一个核十几秒"
+  fi
+fi
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- 导出
+if [ "$DO_DB" -eq 1 ]; then
+  say "从 $PROD_HOST 导出 $DB_NAME"
+
+  mkdir -p "$OUT_DIR" || die "建不了目录 $OUT_DIR"
+  umask 077
+  stamp=$(date +%Y_%m_%d_%H_%M_%S)
+  target="$OUT_DIR/prod_pull_${stamp}.dump"
+  partial="${target}.partial"
+  trap 'rm -f "$partial"' EXIT INT TERM
+
+  started=$(date +%s)
+  # 不给 docker exec 加 -t、ssh 也不分配 TTY：-Fc 是二进制，经过 TTY 会被改坏
+  remote docker exec "$REMOTE_CONTAINER" pg_dump -U "$DB_USER" -d "$DB_NAME" -Fc > "$partial" \
+    || die "pg_dump 失败（半截文件已删）"
+  elapsed=$(( $(date +%s) - started ))
+
+  # 读得出目录才算完整的 dump。用本机容器里的 pg_restore 读，宿主机不一定装了
+  toc=$(docker exec -i "$LOCAL_CONTAINER" pg_restore -l < "$partial" 2>/dev/null | grep -c ' TABLE DATA ' || true)
+  [ "${toc:-0}" -gt 0 ] || die "dump 读不出表数据目录，文件是坏的（已删）"
+  mv -- "$partial" "$target"
+  trap - EXIT INT TERM
+  ok "$(basename "$target") — $(du -h "$target" | cut -f1)，$toc 张表的数据，用时 ${elapsed}s"
+
+  # 线上此刻的提交数，灌完拿来对。dump 是之前那一刻的快照，所以本机只会 ≤ 它
+  remote_count=$(remote docker exec "$REMOTE_CONTAINER" psql -U "$DB_USER" -d "$DB_NAME" -tAc \
+    'select count(*) from submission' | tr -d '[:space:]')
+
+  # ---------------------------------------------------------------- 灌进新库
+  say "灌进本机的 $INCOMING"
+
+  local_psql -d postgres -qc "drop database if exists $INCOMING" \
+    -c "create database $INCOMING owner $DB_USER"
+  # --exit-on-error：任何一条失败就停，别留一个缺表的库被换上去
+  docker exec -i "$LOCAL_CONTAINER" pg_restore -U "$DB_USER" -d "$INCOMING" \
+    --no-owner --no-privileges --exit-on-error < "$target" \
+    || die "pg_restore 失败，原来的 $DB_NAME 没动。$INCOMING 留着方便看哪里坏了"
+
+  local_count=$(local_psql -d "$INCOMING" -tAc 'select count(*) from submission' | tr -d '[:space:]')
+  [ "${local_count:-0}" -gt 0 ] || die "灌完 submission 是空的，不换。原来的 $DB_NAME 没动"
+  if [ -n "$remote_count" ] && [ "$local_count" -gt "$remote_count" ]; then
+    die "灌完 submission $local_count 条，比线上此刻的 $remote_count 还多 —— 不对劲，不换"
+  fi
+  if [ "$local_count" = "${remote_count:-}" ]; then
+    ok "submission $local_count 条，和线上此刻一样"
+  else
+    ok "submission $local_count 条（线上此刻 ${remote_count:-?} 条，差的是导出之后新交的）"
+  fi
+
+  # ---------------------------------------------------------------- 换名
+  say "换上新库"
+
+  n=$(others_connected)
+  if [ "${n:-0}" != 0 ]; then
+    [ "$FORCE" -eq 1 ] \
+      || die "灌的这会儿又有 $n 个连接连上了 $DB_NAME。停掉 dev 再跑一次换名，或者加 --force。
+   新库已经在 $INCOMING 里，手工换：
+     docker exec $LOCAL_CONTAINER psql -U $DB_USER -d postgres \\
+       -c 'drop database if exists $PREV' \\
+       -c 'alter database $DB_NAME rename to $PREV' \\
+       -c 'alter database $INCOMING rename to $DB_NAME'"
+  fi
+  # 断开连接和换名放在同一个 psql 里，中间不给 dev 的连接池留重连的空当
+  local_psql -d postgres -q \
+    -c "select pg_terminate_backend(pid) from pg_stat_activity where datname = '$DB_NAME' and pid <> pg_backend_pid()" \
+    -c "drop database if exists $PREV" \
+    -c "alter database $DB_NAME rename to $PREV" \
+    -c "alter database $INCOMING rename to $DB_NAME" >/dev/null \
+    || die "换名失败。看一下 pg_database 里现在是什么：
+     docker exec $LOCAL_CONTAINER psql -U $DB_USER -d postgres -c '\\l'"
+  ok "$DB_NAME 换成了线上的，原来的改名成 $PREV"
+
+  # ---------------------------------------------------------------- 只留最近几份
+  old=$(find "$OUT_DIR" -maxdepth 1 -type f -name 'prod_pull_*.dump' -printf '%T@ %p\n' \
+    | sort -rn | tail -n +"$((KEEP + 1))" | cut -d' ' -f2-)
+  if [ -n "$old" ]; then
+    printf '%s\n' "$old" | while IFS= read -r f; do rm -f -- "$f"; done
+    ok "删掉 $(printf '%s\n' "$old" | wc -l) 份旧的 dump，只留最近 $KEEP 份"
+  fi
+fi
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------- 文件
+if [ "$DO_FILES" -eq 1 ]; then
+  say "同步文件"
+  command -v rsync >/dev/null || die "本机没装 rsync"
+
+  # 线上路径（DATA_DIR 下）→ 本机路径（apps/api/src/config.ts 的默认值）
+  sync_dir() {
+    local from="$1" to="$2"
+    mkdir -p "$to"
+    rsync -rltz --chmod=Du=rwx,Dgo=rx,Fu=rw,Fgo=r \
+      "$PROD_HOST:$REMOTE_DATA/$from/" "$to/" \
+      || die "rsync $from 失败"
+    ok "$from → ${to#"$REPO_DIR"/}（$(du -sh "$to" | cut -f1)）"
+  }
+  sync_dir backend/test_case     "$REPO_DIR/data/test_case"
+  sync_dir backend/public/upload "$REPO_DIR/data/upload"
+  sync_dir backend/public/avatar "$REPO_DIR/data/avatar"
+fi
+
+say "完成"
+if [ "$DO_DB" -eq 1 ]; then
+  printf '    本机代码比线上新的话，再跑一次：bun run db:migrate\n'
+  printf '    账号口令现在都是线上的了，本机改过的测试口令要重设\n\n'
+fi

docs/deploy.md

@@ -161,6 +161,13 @@ WebSocket）→ 后台判题机列表在线 → 后台题目列表翻页 → 带
 > **旧栈已经不可逆地下线**（`0002_drop_django_leftovers` 删掉了 Django 的框架表并已在
 > 生产库执行完毕），所以「停新栈起旧栈」不再是退路，**唯一退路是从数据库备份恢复**。
 
+### 把线上数据拉到本机
+
+`docker/pull-prod.sh`（在本机跑）经 `ssh debian` 只导 `onlinejudge` 一个库（`pg_dump -Fc`，
+不带角色，所以不会踩上面的坑 1），先灌进 `onlinejudge_incoming`、对过行数再换名（不用停 dev，
+避开坑 2），换下来的旧库留作 `onlinejudge_prev`。`--files` 顺带同步测试点、题面图片、头像。
+对服务器只读；拉完本机的账号口令都是线上的。用法和刻意的做法在脚本头部。
+
 ## 把库搬进 OJ2（一次性，顺带 PostgreSQL 16 → 18、Redis 7 → 8）
 
 `docker/move-db-into-oj2.sh` 把服务器上旧栈 compose 起的 postgres / redis 换成本栈的。

packages/contract/src/admin.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ import { problemLanguageSchema, runnableLanguageSchema } from "./language"
 import {
   astRuleSchema,
   astRulesSchema,
+  CHALLENGE_RULES_MAX,
+  CHALLENGE_WORDING_MAX,
+  CHALLENGES_PER_LANGUAGE_MAX,
+  problemChallengesSchema,
   problemDifficultySchema,
   sqlConfigSchema,
   sqlDisplaySchema,
@@ -945,6 +949,7 @@ export const adminProblemSchema = z.object({
   flowchartData: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()),
   flowchartHint: z.string().nullable(),
   astRules: astRulesSchema.nullable(),
+  challenges: problemChallengesSchema.nullable(),
   answers: z.array(problemAnswerSchema),
   prompt: z.string().nullable(),
   sqlConfig: sqlConfigSchema.nullable(),
@@ -963,6 +968,21 @@ export const adminProblemSchema = z.object({
  */
 export const PROBLEM_TAG_MAX_LENGTH = 32
 
+/**
+ * 出题页提交的一条挑战。新加的不带 id，后端发；规则改过的后端也换新 id（见契约
+ * challengeSchema）。规则的语义校验（这种语言有没有这个语法）在后端 astRulesError，同 astRules
+ */
+export const challengeInputSchema = z.object({
+  id: z.string().max(32).optional(),
+  wording: z.string().trim().min(1).max(CHALLENGE_WORDING_MAX),
+  rules: z.array(astRuleSchema).min(1).max(CHALLENGE_RULES_MAX),
+})
+
+export const challengeInputsSchema = z.record(
+  z.string(),
+  z.array(challengeInputSchema).max(CHALLENGES_PER_LANGUAGE_MAX),
+)
+
 export const createProblemRequestSchema = z.object({
   _id: z.string().trim().min(1).max(32),
   title: z.string().trim().min(1).max(1024),
@@ -1002,6 +1022,11 @@ export const createProblemRequestSchema = z.object({
   flowchartData: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()).nullable().default(null),
   flowchartHint: z.string().nullable().default(null),
   astRules: astRulesSchema.nullable().default(null),
+  /**
+   * 不带这个键 = 不动原来的挑战。上线那一刻浏览器里还开着旧版出题页，它保存时不带挑战，
+   * 给个默认 null 的话一保存就把挑战清了；null 才是「清空」
+   */
+  challenges: challengeInputsSchema.nullable().optional(),
   // order_sensitive 缺省补 false —— 与旧后端 SQLConfigSerializer 的
   // `BooleanField(default=False)` 一致
   sqlConfig: sqlConfigSchema
@@ -1122,6 +1147,33 @@ export const astCheckResponseSchema = z.object({
   ),
 })
 
+/**
+ * 出题页「挑战」的候选：拿这道题历史上做对的代码，找「一批人用另一种写法也做对了」的地方。
+ * 只是给老师挑的素材 —— 机械找出来的会有坏的（拆掉 elif 换成一串 if 也算「不用 elif」），
+ * 所以每条都带一份做到的人的真实代码，好不好老师看了再加
+ */
+export const challengeSuggestionsRequestSchema = z.object({
+  language: runnableLanguageSchema,
+})
+
+export const challengeSuggestionSchema = z.object({
+  /** 默认说法，老师加上之后可以改 */
+  wording: z.string(),
+  rules: z.array(astRuleSchema),
+  /** 这样做对过的人数 */
+  did: z.number().int(),
+  /** 第一次做对时就这样写的人占几成（%）；「少用 print」这类没有 */
+  firstShare: z.number().int().nullable(),
+  /** 一份做到的人的代码 */
+  example: z.string(),
+})
+
+export const challengeSuggestionsResponseSchema = z.object({
+  /** 这种语言做对过的人数 */
+  acCount: z.number().int(),
+  suggestions: z.array(challengeSuggestionSchema),
+})
+
 /** AI 按题面和标准答案想几组测试输入（输出由标准答案在判题机上跑，不让 AI 编） */
 export const generateTestInputsRequestSchema = z.object({
   description: z.string().max(64 * 1024),
@@ -1180,6 +1232,9 @@ export type GenerateSqlTestCaseResponse = z.infer<typeof generateSqlTestCaseResp
 export type TestCaseFiles = z.infer<typeof testCaseFilesSchema>
 export type AstCheckRequest = z.input<typeof astCheckRequestSchema>
 export type AstCheckResponse = z.infer<typeof astCheckResponseSchema>
+export type ChallengeInput = z.input<typeof challengeInputSchema>
+export type ChallengeSuggestion = z.infer<typeof challengeSuggestionSchema>
+export type ChallengeSuggestionsResponse = z.infer<typeof challengeSuggestionsResponseSchema>
 export type GenerateTestInputsRequest = z.input<typeof generateTestInputsRequestSchema>
 export type GenerateTestInputsResponse = z.infer<typeof generateTestInputsResponseSchema>
 

packages/contract/src/classroom.ts

@@ -88,6 +88,8 @@ export const classBoardProblemSchema = z.object({
   title: z.string(),
   /** SQL 题不受布置的语言限制：格子数的是 SQL 交的，点进提交列表也按 SQL 筛 */
   isSql: z.boolean(),
+  /** 这道题配了挑战（见 problem.ts 的 challengeSchema）：题卡片写挑战成功几人 */
+  hasChallenges: z.boolean(),
 })
 
 export const classBoardCellSchema = z.object({
@@ -128,6 +130,11 @@ export const classBoardCellSchema = z.object({
   trail: z.array(z.object({ id: z.string(), result: judgeStatusSchema, createTime: z.string() })),
   /** 今天第几次代码提交做对的，1 = 一次就对；今天之前就做对了、今天没靠代码做对的为 null */
   acceptedTry: z.number().int().nullable(),
+  /**
+   * 挑战：done = 做到了这道题的一条挑战（不限今天）；doing = 做对之后今天又交了、还没做到 ——
+   * 做完了的学生是在挑战还是闲着，老师一眼看得出。没配挑战的题、没做对的格子为 null
+   */
+  challenge: z.enum(["done", "doing"]).nullable(),
 })
 
 export const classBoardStudentSchema = z.object({

packages/contract/src/problem.ts

@@ -355,6 +355,62 @@ export const astRequirementSchema = z.object({
 /** 按语言分组，与 astRulesSchema 同一套键 */
 export const astRequirementsSchema = z.record(z.string(), z.array(astRequirementSchema))
 
+/**
+ * 挑战：做对之后，同一道题加一条写法上的限制再做一遍（「整首歌只用 1 次 print」）。
+ * 判定沿用 AST 规则，几条规则同时满足才算做到 —— 单写「用 while」的话学生留着原来的
+ * for、再补一个空 while 就过了，所以常配成「用 while + 不用 for」。
+ *
+ * 和 astRules 一样按语言分组。`id` 是谁做到了（challenge_success）的记账键：
+ * 规则一改就换新 id，旧的做到记录跟着旧规则作废，只改说法不换。
+ * `scannedAt` 是后端记的「已经拿历史上做对的代码补过一遍记录」，见 services/challenge.ts。
+ */
+export const challengeSchema = z.object({
+  id: z.string(),
+  /** 给学生看的说法，例如「整首歌只用 1 次 print」 */
+  wording: z.string(),
+  rules: z.array(astRuleSchema),
+  scannedAt: z.string().optional(),
+})
+
+export const problemChallengesSchema = z.record(z.string(), z.array(challengeSchema))
+
+/** 挑战说法的长度上限：要在结果页签的一行里放得下 */
+export const CHALLENGE_WORDING_MAX = 24
+
+/** 一条挑战最多几条规则、一道题一种语言最多几条挑战 */
+export const CHALLENGE_RULES_MAX = 4
+export const CHALLENGES_PER_LANGUAGE_MAX = 4
+
+/** 我做到了一条挑战：本班、全站各是第几个做到的 */
+export const challengeMineSchema = z.object({
+  at: z.string(),
+  siteRank: z.number().int(),
+  /** 没有班级（老师、自己注册的号）时为 null */
+  classRank: z.number().int().nullable(),
+})
+
+/** 下发给学生的一条挑战：只有说法和人数，规则原文不出去（同 astRequirements） */
+export const challengeItemSchema = z.object({
+  id: z.string(),
+  wording: z.string(),
+  /** 全站做到的人数 */
+  doneCount: z.number().int(),
+  mine: challengeMineSchema.nullable(),
+})
+
+/** GET /challenges：几道题、某种语言下的挑战 */
+export const problemChallengeGroupSchema = z.object({
+  problemId: z.string(),
+  title: z.string(),
+  /** 这种语言做对过这道题的人数（「642 个做对的人里 62 人做到」的 642） */
+  acCount: z.number().int(),
+  /** 我用这种语言做对过没有：没做对的挑战不给接 */
+  solved: z.boolean(),
+  challenges: z.array(challengeItemSchema),
+})
+
+export const challengeListSchema = z.array(problemChallengeGroupSchema)
+
 export const problemDetailSchema = z.object({
   id: z.number().int(),
   _id: z.string(),
@@ -555,6 +611,12 @@ export type AstRule = z.infer<typeof astRuleSchema>
 export type AstRules = z.infer<typeof astRulesSchema>
 export type AstRequirement = z.infer<typeof astRequirementSchema>
 export type AstRequirements = z.infer<typeof astRequirementsSchema>
+export type Challenge = z.infer<typeof challengeSchema>
+export type ProblemChallenges = z.infer<typeof problemChallengesSchema>
+export type ChallengeMine = z.infer<typeof challengeMineSchema>
+export type ChallengeItem = z.infer<typeof challengeItemSchema>
+export type ProblemChallengeGroup = z.infer<typeof problemChallengeGroupSchema>
+export type ChallengeList = z.infer<typeof challengeListSchema>
 export type ProblemDifficulty = z.infer<typeof problemDifficultySchema>
 export type ProblemListItem = z.infer<typeof problemListItemSchema>
 export type ProblemList = z.infer<typeof problemListSchema>

packages/contract/src/submission.ts

@@ -51,6 +51,19 @@ export interface JudgeInfo {
   data: JudgeCaseResult[] | null
 }
 
+/** 一条 AST 规则的判定结果，judge/ast.ts 的 checkAst 产出 */
+export const astResultSchema = z.object({
+  description: z.string(),
+  passed: z.boolean(),
+  /** count_* 规则实际数到的次数，判题机只在这两个引擎上写 */
+  actual: z.number().optional(),
+  /**
+   * 没过的「不能用 X」「X 最多 N 次」：X 出现在学生代码的第几行（1 起，已扣掉题目模板的
+   * 前置代码）。2026-10 加的，之前的提交没有
+   */
+  lines: z.array(z.number().int()).optional(),
+})
+
 /**
  * 判题产出的统计（`submission.statistic_info` 的 JSONB 原文）。
  *
@@ -67,13 +80,17 @@ export const statisticInfoSchema = z.looseObject({
   err_info: z.string().optional(),
   time_cost: z.number().optional(),
   memory_cost: z.number().optional(),
-  ast_results: z
+  ast_results: z.array(astResultSchema).optional(),
+  /**
+   * 做对的提交拿这道题的每条挑战（problem.challenges 里这种语言的）各判一遍，
+   * judge/run.ts 写。比赛提交不判。前端在挑战中时按 id 取它正在挑战的那条
+   */
+  challenges: z
     .array(
       z.object({
-        description: z.string(),
+        id: z.string(),
         passed: z.boolean(),
-        /** count_* 规则实际数到的次数，判题机只在这两个引擎上写 */
-        actual: z.number().optional(),
+        results: z.array(astResultSchema),
       }),
     )
     .optional(),
@@ -616,6 +633,7 @@ export type TrialRunResponse =
   | { status: "too-much-output" }
 
 export type StatisticInfo = z.infer<typeof statisticInfoSchema>
+export type AstResultInfo = z.infer<typeof astResultSchema>
 export type SubmissionTrace = z.infer<typeof submissionTraceSchema>
 export type CreateSubmissionRequest = z.input<typeof createSubmissionRequestSchema>
 export type SubmissionDetail = z.infer<typeof submissionDetailSchema>