feat(挑战): 做对之后可以加一条写法上的限制再做一遍，判题时记下谁做到了

借小丑牌的赌注档：同一道题加一条限制（「整首歌只用 1 次 print」）再做一遍，
给课上做得快的学生找事做（做完一节课的题，中位要空等 13 分钟）。
判定沿用 AST 规则，挑战配在 problem.challenges，做到的记在 challenge_success；
做对的提交顺手判一遍，挑战没做到也照样算做对。没过的规则带上是第几行。
0039 灌进第一批 56 道常用题的 73 条挑战，api 起来后拿历史上做对的代码补一遍谁已经做到了。
出题页能配挑战、从做对的代码里找候选；课堂看板的格子带上挑战状态。

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

apps/api/src/db/0038_add_challenges.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+CREATE TABLE "challenge_success" (
+	"id" integer PRIMARY KEY GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY (sequence name "challenge_success_id_seq" INCREMENT BY 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 2147483647 START WITH 1 CACHE 1),
+	"user_id" integer NOT NULL,
+	"problem_id" integer NOT NULL,
+	"challenge_id" text NOT NULL,
+	"submission_id" text NOT NULL,
+	"created_at" timestamp with time zone NOT NULL,
+	CONSTRAINT "challenge_success_user_challenge_unique" UNIQUE("user_id","problem_id","challenge_id")
+);
+--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE "problem" ADD COLUMN "challenges" jsonb;--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE "challenge_success" ADD CONSTRAINT "challenge_success_user_id_fk_user_id" FOREIGN KEY ("user_id") REFERENCES "public"."user"("id") ON DELETE no action ON UPDATE no action;--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE "challenge_success" ADD CONSTRAINT "challenge_success_problem_id_fk_problem_id" FOREIGN KEY ("problem_id") REFERENCES "public"."problem"("id") ON DELETE cascade ON UPDATE no action;--> statement-breakpoint
+ALTER TABLE "challenge_success" ADD CONSTRAINT "challenge_success_submission_id_fk_submission_id" FOREIGN KEY ("submission_id") REFERENCES "public"."submission"("id") ON DELETE cascade ON UPDATE no action;--> statement-breakpoint
+CREATE INDEX "challenge_success_problem_idx" ON "challenge_success" USING btree ("problem_id","challenge_id","created_at");

apps/api/src/db/0039_seed_challenges.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+-- 2026-10-25 第一批挑战：课上被 4 个以上班布置过的题里，从做对的代码挖出、逐条看过例子定下的 73 条
+-- （56 道题）。只填还没配过挑战的题；谁已经做到了由 api 启动后 services/challenge.ts 拿历史提交补。
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"d0b6eeb8","wording":"用 map() 读入两个数","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"map"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1044' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"b4844e67","wording":"用 f-string 拼出这句话","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"f_string"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1087' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"2a157045","wording":"用循环打印出旗帜","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"for_loop"},{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":2}]},{"id":"a72f48d6","wording":"整面旗只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1052' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"b8f41dd4","wording":"用 f-string 保留两位小数","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"f_string"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '4007' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"ea1be4b2","wording":"用 if-elif-else 写","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"elif_clause"}]},{"id":"d46a661a","wording":"每段台词只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":3}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1047' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"fba3b158","wording":"全题只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1035' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"8df071eb","wording":"用 map() 一次读两个数","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"map"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3018' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"c01df2d3","wording":"整首歌只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1080' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"5409669d","wording":"用 f-string 保留四位小数","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"f_string"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1046' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"192b2fda","wording":"用 f-string 套公式","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"f_string"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2020' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"c91d60aa","wording":"三条规定只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1051' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"498feb32","wording":"只用 1 次 print 写完","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1083' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"b9cb3d4e","wording":"用列表查出几转","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"list_literal"},{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":2}]},{"id":"822bf287","wording":"不用 if，只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1058' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"56dda53b","wording":"用 while 循环写 101 次","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"while_loop"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1099' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"f9e79693","wording":"用 for 和 range 写完","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"for_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"while_loop"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2032' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"5c67590d","wording":"只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1089' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"b4003e97","wording":"用 for 循环再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"for_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"while_loop"}]},{"id":"3c2fc363","wording":"用 while 循环再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"while_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"for_loop"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1084' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"6dd5a3cd","wording":"用字典查出教规","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"dict_literal"}]},{"id":"76fc381d","wording":"只用 2 次 print 写完","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":2}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1054' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"9e82648b","wording":"用 len() 判断几位数","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"len"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2075' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"318c2371","wording":"不用 if，再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2073' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"5cdb6fa8","wording":"不用 if，再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1022' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"35e8ebb4","wording":"不用循环，夸 n 遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"for_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"while_loop"}]},{"id":"73f9af3b","wording":"用 while 循环写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"while_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"for_loop"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1016' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"210fb5da","wording":"用字典查出歌名","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"dict_literal"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '5015' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"561c2021","wording":"用字典存五种形态","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"dict_literal"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '9030' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"a0e03f18","wording":"只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3031' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"62dd1388","wording":"用 f-string 保留两位小数","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"f_string"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1025' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"e90bae2e","wording":"用 f-string 保留两位小数","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"f_string"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3026' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"c8d6ef22","wording":"用 count() 数出个数","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_method","target":"count"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2038' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"7d1f0479","wording":"用 f-string 保留两位小数","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"f_string"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '9021' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"C":[{"id":"fbd744ac","wording":"用 for 循环再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"for_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"while_loop"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1059' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"edd54861","wording":"不用 if，再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2071' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"5e3eb176","wording":"用 for 循环再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"for_loop"}]},{"id":"60e19d6b","wording":"用 f-string 保留两位小数","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"f_string"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1098' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"96900c74","wording":"用 while 循环再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"while_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"for_loop"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '7002' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"3578ecf6","wording":"用 .replace() 一步换好","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_method","target":"replace"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3070' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"07b26542","wording":"不用 if，再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]},{"id":"e1b569e2","wording":"用字典查出答案","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"dict_literal"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2039' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"C":[{"id":"87935a21","wording":"用 for 循环算出总和","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"for_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"while_loop"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1041' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"40ed6ec6","wording":"不用 if，再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2066' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"50a17686","wording":"用列表推导式筛出来","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"list_comprehension"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3033' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"a652c5f8","wording":"用列表推导式筛出来","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"list_comprehension"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3034' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"2f1e618f","wording":"用 sum() 一步求和","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"sum"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"for_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"while_loop"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1018' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"7f7a98be","wording":"用列表推导式转大写","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"list_comprehension"}]},{"id":"4c5ecedc","wording":"用 replace() 换掉逗号","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_method","target":"replace"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3075' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"d9cb6be1","wording":"用 f-string 写算式","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"f_string"}]},{"id":"224c2ae6","wording":"4 行只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1007' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"5b76324a","wording":"用 sum() 求总和","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"sum"}]},{"id":"f61a47ae","wording":"用 map() 一次读三个数","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"map"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3051' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"a5245180","wording":"不用 if，再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]},{"id":"f70990b6","wording":"用列表下标取出枪意","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"list_literal"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1086' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"84fa94c8","wording":"不用 if，再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]},{"id":"579e40c5","wording":"用列表推导式筛出来","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"list_comprehension"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3035' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"5892a636","wording":"用列表推导式数偶数","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"list_comprehension"}]},{"id":"b48b1336","wording":"用 sum() 数出奇偶个数","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"sum"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3032' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"328d6a02","wording":"写一个函数算出打鱼还是晒网","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"function_definition"}]},{"id":"b583525a","wording":"只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1001' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"88d9a3b6","wording":"用 abs() 让负数也判对","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"abs"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2074' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"e8394da9","wording":"不用循环，加上感叹号","rules":[{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"for_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"while_loop"}]},{"id":"d105cbe5","wording":"用列表推导式加感叹号","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"list_comprehension"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1085' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"dd4b7b1e","wording":"用自定义函数换算分钟","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"function_definition"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1003' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"7b46949e","wording":"四行只用 1 次 print","rules":[{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"print","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3028' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"e5b04d3b","wording":"用 map() 读入两个数","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"map"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2044' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"0b108eaa","wording":"用 for 循环加各位","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"for_loop"},{"engine":"count_function_call","target":"int","max":1}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3061' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"0774ee1c","wording":"用 sum() 算总分","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"sum"}]},{"id":"150a618a","wording":"用 map() 一次读四门","rules":[{"engine":"must_call_function","target":"map"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '3055' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"8d814fb4","wording":"用 while 循环再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_exist_node","target":"while_loop"},{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"for_loop"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '2078' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;--> statement-breakpoint
+UPDATE "problem" SET "challenges" = '{"Python":[{"id":"29baa412","wording":"不用 if，再写一遍","rules":[{"engine":"must_not_exist_node","target":"if_statement"}]}]}'::jsonb WHERE "_id" = '1045' AND "contest_id" IS NULL AND "challenges" IS NULL;

apps/api/src/db/meta/_journal.json

@@ -267,6 +267,20 @@
       "when": 1792494707274,
       "tag": "0037_add_user_token_version",
       "breakpoints": true
+    },
+    {
+      "idx": 38,
+      "version": "7",
+      "when": 1792930010361,
+      "tag": "0038_add_challenges",
+      "breakpoints": true
+    },
+    {
+      "idx": 39,
+      "version": "7",
+      "when": 1792930018504,
+      "tag": "0039_seed_challenges",
+      "breakpoints": true
     }
   ]
 }

apps/api/src/db/schema.ts

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ import type {
   HintDiagnosis,
   JudgeStatus,
   LessonLanguage,
+  ProblemChallenges,
   ProblemDifficulty,
   ProblemLanguage,
   ProblemPermission,
@@ -570,6 +571,8 @@ export const problem = pgTable(
     mermaidCode: text("mermaid_code"),
     showFlowchart: boolean("show_flowchart").default(false).notNull(),
     astRules: jsonb("ast_rules").$type<AstRules>(),
+    /** 做对之后的挑战，按语言分组。写入侧在 admin/problem.ts 校验，见契约 challengeSchema */
+    challenges: jsonb().$type<ProblemChallenges>(),
     sqlConfig: jsonb("sql_config").$type<SqlConfig>(),
     sqlDisplay: jsonb("sql_display").$type<SqlDisplay>(),
   },
@@ -1467,3 +1470,59 @@ export const classLesson = pgTable(
     }).onDelete("cascade"),
   ],
 )
+
+/**
+ * 谁做到了哪条挑战（problem.challenges 里的 id）。一人一条挑战一行，记第一次做到的那份提交。
+ *
+ * 两条路写进来：判题时做对的提交顺手判一遍（judge/run.ts），以及新加一条挑战时拿历史上
+ * 做对的代码补一遍（services/challenge.ts）—— 后者的 created_at 也是那份提交的时刻，
+ * 所以「本班第几个、全站第几个做到」按它排，补的和新做的一个口径。
+ *
+ * 外键：提交、题目没了，从它算出来的这一行也就没意义了，CASCADE；
+ * user 跟着 submission 走（submission.user_id 是 NO ACTION，删不掉有提交的用户）。
+ */
+export const challengeSuccess = pgTable(
+  "challenge_success",
+  {
+    id: integer().primaryKey().generatedByDefaultAsIdentity({
+      name: "challenge_success_id_seq",
+      startWith: 1,
+      increment: 1,
+      minValue: 1,
+      maxValue: 2147483647,
+      cache: 1,
+    }),
+    userId: integer("user_id").notNull(),
+    problemId: integer("problem_id").notNull(),
+    challengeId: text("challenge_id").notNull(),
+    submissionId: text("submission_id").notNull(),
+    /** 做到的那份提交的时刻（不是写这一行的时刻） */
+    createdAt: timestamp("created_at", {
+      withTimezone: true,
+      mode: "string",
+    }).notNull(),
+  },
+  (table) => [
+    unique("challenge_success_user_challenge_unique").on(
+      table.userId,
+      table.problemId,
+      table.challengeId,
+    ),
+    index("challenge_success_problem_idx").on(table.problemId, table.challengeId, table.createdAt),
+    foreignKey({
+      columns: [table.userId],
+      foreignColumns: [user.id],
+      name: "challenge_success_user_id_fk_user_id",
+    }),
+    foreignKey({
+      columns: [table.problemId],
+      foreignColumns: [problem.id],
+      name: "challenge_success_problem_id_fk_problem_id",
+    }).onDelete("cascade"),
+    foreignKey({
+      columns: [table.submissionId],
+      foreignColumns: [submission.id],
+      name: "challenge_success_submission_id_fk_submission_id",
+    }).onDelete("cascade"),
+  ],
+)

apps/api/src/index.ts

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import { problemStatsRoutes } from "./routes/problem-stats"
 import { submissionRoutes } from "./routes/submission"
 import { trialRunRoutes } from "./routes/trial-run"
 import { siteRoutes } from "./routes/site"
+import { scanPendingChallenges } from "./services/challenge"
 import {
   bridgeSubmissionEvents,
   isAllowedWebSocketOrigin,
@@ -165,3 +166,6 @@ const server = Bun.serve<SubmissionSocketData>({
 await bridgeSubmissionEvents(server)
 startSessionSweep()
 console.log(`OJ2 API listening on http://localhost:${server.port}`)
+// 迁移刚灌进来、或者上次没补完的挑战：拿历史上做对的代码补一遍谁已经做到了。
+// 晚一点再跑，别和刚起来时涌进来的请求抢那两个核
+setTimeout(() => void scanPendingChallenges(), 20_000)

apps/api/src/judge/ast.ts

@@ -30,6 +30,18 @@ export interface AstResult {
   passed: boolean
   /** count_* 引擎实际数到的次数。失败时前端拿它补一句「当前 N 次」 */
   actual?: number
+  /** 没过的「不能用 X」「X 太多」：X 在第几行（1 起），挑战没做到时编辑器里标出来 */
+  lines?: number[]
+}
+
+/** 节点所在的行，去重排序。submission.code 只是学生写的那段，不含题目模板，行号不用再扣 */
+function linesOf(nodes: Node[]) {
+  return [...new Set(nodes.map((node) => node.startPosition.row + 1))].sort((a, b) => a - b)
+}
+
+/** 没过才带行号：过了的规则不用标 */
+function withLines(result: AstResult, nodes: Node[]): AstResult {
+  return result.passed || nodes.length === 0 ? result : { ...result, lines: linesOf(nodes) }
 }
 
 let initPromise: Promise<void> | undefined
@@ -266,47 +278,60 @@ function evaluateRule(root: Node, rule: AstRule, language: string): AstResult |
         description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
         passed: hasNode(root, nodeType),
       }
-    case "must_not_exist_node":
-      return {
-        description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
-        passed: !hasNode(root, nodeType),
-      }
+    case "must_not_exist_node": {
+      const nodes = collectNodes(root, nodeType)
+      return withLines(
+        { description: describeAstRule(rule, language), passed: nodes.length === 0 },
+        nodes,
+      )
+    }
     case "count_node": {
-      const count = collectNodes(root, nodeType).length
-      return {
-        description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
-        passed: rangePassed(count, rule),
-        actual: count,
-      }
+      const nodes = collectNodes(root, nodeType)
+      return withLines(
+        {
+          description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
+          passed: rangePassed(nodes.length, rule),
+          actual: nodes.length,
+        },
+        // 次数太少时没有「哪几行」可标
+        rule.max !== undefined || rule.exact !== undefined ? nodes : [],
+      )
     }
     case "must_call_function":
       return {
         description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
         passed: functionCalls(root, target, language).length > 0,
       }
-    case "must_not_call_function":
-      return {
-        description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
-        passed: functionCalls(root, target, language).length === 0,
-      }
+    case "must_not_call_function": {
+      const calls = functionCalls(root, target, language)
+      return withLines(
+        { description: describeAstRule(rule, language), passed: calls.length === 0 },
+        calls,
+      )
+    }
     case "count_function_call": {
-      const count = functionCalls(root, target, language).length
-      return {
-        description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
-        passed: rangePassed(count, rule),
-        actual: count,
-      }
+      const calls = functionCalls(root, target, language)
+      return withLines(
+        {
+          description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
+          passed: rangePassed(calls.length, rule),
+          actual: calls.length,
+        },
+        rule.max !== undefined || rule.exact !== undefined ? calls : [],
+      )
     }
     case "must_call_method":
       return {
         description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
         passed: methodCalls(root, target, language).length > 0,
       }
-    case "must_not_call_method":
-      return {
-        description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
-        passed: methodCalls(root, target, language).length === 0,
-      }
+    case "must_not_call_method": {
+      const calls = methodCalls(root, target, language)
+      return withLines(
+        { description: describeAstRule(rule, language), passed: calls.length === 0 },
+        calls,
+      )
+    }
     case "must_use_operator":
       return {
         description: describeAstRule(rule, language),
@@ -357,3 +382,40 @@ export async function checkAst(
     parser.delete()
   }
 }
+
+/**
+ * 一份代码对着几组规则各判一遍，只解析一次。挑战用：一道题几条挑战各是一组，补历史记录时
+ * 一份代码要判全部挑战，每组 checkAst 一次就是把同一份代码解析好几遍。
+ *
+ * 和 checkAst 不同，**判不了时返回 null 而不是「通过」**：checkAst 是题目的硬要求，
+ * 判不了就放行、别冤枉学生；挑战判不了就是没做到，放行等于白送。
+ */
+export async function checkAstGroups(
+  code: string,
+  language: string,
+  groups: AstRule[][],
+): Promise<{ passed: boolean; results: AstResult[] }[] | null> {
+  const treeSitterLanguage = await loadLanguage(language)
+  if (!treeSitterLanguage) return null
+  const parser = new Parser()
+  try {
+    parser.setLanguage(treeSitterLanguage)
+    const tree = parser.parse(code)
+    if (!tree) return null
+    try {
+      return groups.map((rules) => {
+        const results = rules
+          .filter(astRuleIsMeaningful)
+          .map((rule) => evaluateRule(tree.rootNode, rule, language))
+          .filter((result): result is AstResult => result !== null)
+        return { passed: results.length > 0 && results.every((r) => r.passed), results }
+      })
+    } finally {
+      tree.delete()
+    }
+  } catch {
+    return null
+  } finally {
+    parser.delete()
+  }
+}

apps/api/src/judge/run.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,12 @@ import { config } from "../config"
 import { db, schema } from "../db"
 import { publishAchievementNotification } from "../events"
 import { updateAchievementsForSubmission } from "../services/achievements"
+import {
+  challengesFor,
+  judgeChallenges,
+  recordChallengeSuccesses,
+  type ChallengeVerdict,
+} from "../services/challenge"
 import { recordSolvedAndNotify } from "../services/problemset"
 import { checkAst, type AstRule } from "./ast"
 import { publishSubmissionUpdate } from "./events"
@@ -696,6 +702,19 @@ export async function judgeSubmission(job: JudgeJobData) {
           }
         }
       }
+
+      // 挑战：做对了就拿这道题的每条挑战各判一遍（比赛不判，同上）。结果全存下来，
+      // 前端在挑战中时按 id 取它正在挑战的那条；做到的下面落库
+      if (result === JudgeStatus.ACCEPTED && row.submission.contestId === null) {
+        const challenges = challengesFor(row.problem.challenges, row.submission.language)
+        if (challenges.length > 0) {
+          statisticInfo.challenges = await judgeChallenges(
+            row.submission.code,
+            row.submission.language,
+            challenges,
+          )
+        }
+      }
     }
 
     const counted = countedBefore(job.rejudgedFrom)
@@ -722,6 +741,22 @@ export async function judgeSubmission(job: JudgeJobData) {
       await recordSolvedAndNotify(row.submission.userId, row.problem.id, row.submission.createTime)
     }
 
+    if (Array.isArray(statisticInfo.challenges)) {
+      await recordChallengeSuccesses(
+        (statisticInfo.challenges as ChallengeVerdict[])
+          .filter((verdict) => verdict.passed)
+          .map((verdict) => ({
+            userId: row.submission.userId,
+            problemId: row.problem.id,
+            challengeId: verdict.id,
+            submissionId: row.submission.id,
+            createdAt: row.submission.createTime,
+          })),
+      ).catch((error: unknown) =>
+        console.error(`[judge] 挑战记录失败 ${row.submission.id}:`, error),
+      )
+    }
+
     try {
       const unlocked = await updateAchievementsForSubmission(row.submission.id, counted)
       await publishAchievementNotification(

apps/api/src/routes/admin/problem.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import {
   addContestProblemRequestSchema,
   reorderContestProblemsRequestSchema,
   astCheckRequestSchema,
+  challengeSuggestionsRequestSchema,
   generateTestInputsRequestSchema,
   isSqlProblem,
   TEST_CASE_EDIT_MAX_CASES,
@@ -18,8 +19,10 @@ import {
   type AdminProblemListItem,
   type AstCheckResponse,
   type AstRules,
+  type ChallengeSuggestionsResponse,
   type GenerateTestInputsResponse,
   type GenerateSqlTestCaseResponse,
+  type ProblemChallenges,
   type SqlConfig,
   type SqlDisplay,
   type SqlTestCaseScript,
@@ -35,6 +38,12 @@ import { failure, parseBody, success } from "../../http"
 import { astRulesError, checkAst, describeAstRule, pickAstRules } from "../../judge/ast"
 import { buildSqlDisplay } from "../../judge/sql"
 import { completeChat } from "../../services/ai"
+import {
+  challengesFor,
+  challengeSuggestions,
+  normalizeChallenges,
+  scanPendingChallenges,
+} from "../../services/challenge"
 import { plainText } from "../../services/hint-diagnosis"
 import { contestStatus } from "../../services/contest"
 import {
@@ -152,6 +161,7 @@ async function serialize(row: ProblemRow) {
     flowchartData: asRecord(row.flowchartData),
     flowchartHint: row.flowchartHint,
     astRules: row.astRules,
+    challenges: row.challenges,
     answers: Array.isArray(row.answers) ? row.answers : [],
     prompt: row.prompt,
     sqlConfig: row.sqlConfig,
@@ -271,19 +281,34 @@ type ProblemInput = ReturnType<typeof createProblemRequestSchema.parse>
  */
 async function validateProblem(
   data: ProblemInput,
-): Promise<{ error: string } | { sql: boolean; sqlDisplay: SqlDisplay | null }> {
+  previousChallenges: ProblemChallenges | null = null,
+): Promise<{ error: string } | Validated> {
   const checked = commonChecks(data)
   if ("error" in checked) return checked
-  if (!checked.sql) return { sql: false, sqlDisplay: null }
+  // 不带挑战（旧版出题页）就原样留着，见契约 createProblemRequestSchema.challenges
+  const normalized =
+    data.challenges === undefined
+      ? { challenges: previousChallenges }
+      : normalizeChallenges(data.challenges, previousChallenges, data.languages)
+  if ("error" in normalized) return normalized
+  const { challenges } = normalized
+  if (!checked.sql) return { sql: false, sqlDisplay: null, challenges }
   const built = await generateSqlDisplay(data.testCaseId, data.answers, data.sqlConfig!)
   if ("error" in built) return built
-  return { sql: true, sqlDisplay: built.display }
+  return { sql: true, sqlDisplay: built.display, challenges }
+}
+
+interface Validated {
+  sql: boolean
+  sqlDisplay: SqlDisplay | null
+  /** 规则没变的沿用原来的 id，见 services/challenge.ts 的 normalizeChallenges */
+  challenges: ProblemChallenges | null
 }
 
 /** 新建一道题（公开题 contestId 为 null）连同标签，一个事务 */
 async function insertProblem(
   data: ProblemInput,
-  validated: { sql: boolean; sqlDisplay: SqlDisplay | null },
+  validated: Validated,
   owner: { contestId: number | null; createdById: number },
 ) {
   const now = new Date().toISOString()
@@ -292,6 +317,7 @@ async function insertProblem(
       .insert(schema.problem)
       .values({
         ...problemValues(data, validated.sql),
+        challenges: validated.challenges,
         ...owner,
         createTime: now,
         lastUpdateTime: now,
@@ -489,6 +515,7 @@ adminProblemRoutes.post("/problems", requireProblemPermission, async (c) => {
     contestId: null,
     createdById: c.get("user")!.id,
   })
+  void scanPendingChallenges()
   return success(c, await serialize(created), 201)
 })
 
@@ -505,7 +532,7 @@ adminProblemRoutes.put("/problems/:id", requireProblemPermission, async (c) => {
   if (!(await canEditProblem(c.get("user")!, existing))) {
     return failure(c, 404, "problem-not-found", "Problem does not exist")
   }
-  const validated = await validateProblem(parsed.data)
+  const validated = await validateProblem(parsed.data, existing.challenges)
   if ("error" in validated) return failure(c, 400, "invalid-problem", validated.error)
 
   // 题号唯一性的作用域跟着题目走：公开题在全部公开题里唯一，比赛题在本场比赛内唯一
@@ -529,6 +556,7 @@ adminProblemRoutes.put("/problems/:id", requireProblemPermission, async (c) => {
       .update(schema.problem)
       .set({
         ...problemValues(parsed.data, validated.sql),
+        challenges: validated.challenges,
         sqlDisplay: validated.sqlDisplay,
         lastUpdateTime: new Date().toISOString(),
       })
@@ -537,6 +565,8 @@ adminProblemRoutes.put("/problems/:id", requireProblemPermission, async (c) => {
     await setTags(tx, id, parsed.data.tags)
     return row!
   })
+  // 新加、改过的挑战拿历史上做对的代码补一遍谁已经做到了，不等它
+  void scanPendingChallenges()
   return success(c, await serialize(updated))
 })
 
@@ -962,6 +992,32 @@ adminProblemRoutes.post("/ast-check", requireProblemPermission, async (c) => {
   return success(c, { rules: checked } satisfies AstCheckResponse)
 })
 
+/** 出题页「挑战」的候选：拿这道题历史上做对的代码挖，见 services/challenge.ts */
+adminProblemRoutes.post(
+  "/problems/:id/challenge-suggestions",
+  requireProblemPermission,
+  async (c) => {
+    const parsed = await parseBody(c, challengeSuggestionsRequestSchema)
+    if (!parsed.success) return parsed.response
+    const [problem] = await db
+      .select()
+      .from(schema.problem)
+      .where(eq(schema.problem.id, queryInteger(c.req.param("id"), 0, { min: 1 })))
+      .limit(1)
+    if (!problem) return failure(c, 404, "problem-not-found", "Problem does not exist")
+    if (!(await canEditProblem(c.get("user")!, problem))) {
+      return failure(c, 404, "problem-not-found", "Problem does not exist")
+    }
+    const { language } = parsed.data
+    const result = await challengeSuggestions(
+      problem.id,
+      language,
+      challengesFor(problem.challenges, language),
+    )
+    return success(c, result satisfies ChallengeSuggestionsResponse)
+  },
+)
+
 /**
  * AI 按题面和标准答案想几组测试输入。只要输入：输出一律由标准答案在判题机上跑，
  * AI 编的输出不可信。

apps/api/src/routes/classroom.ts

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ import { seenToday } from "../auth/presence"
 import { getLoginWindow } from "../auth/session"
 import { presenceOf } from "../collab/state"
 import { db, schema } from "../db"
+import { challengeSuccessesOf } from "../services/challenge"
 import { failure, parseBody, success } from "../http"
 import { isAccepted } from "../judge/status"
 import {
@@ -465,6 +466,27 @@ classroomRoutes.get("/classroom/board", requireTeacher, async (c) => {
   // 「来了几次」代码和流程图合起来数：那天只画了流程图的也算来过，和 recentDays 同一个口径
   const recentActivity = activityRows({ since: windowStart, users: userIds })
   const localDay = sql<string>`to_char(${localTime(recentActivity.createTime)}, 'YYYY-MM-DD')`
+  const [challengeConfigs, challengeDone] = await Promise.all([
+    ids.length
+      ? db
+          .select({ id: schema.problem.id, challenges: schema.problem.challenges })
+          .from(schema.problem)
+          .where(inArray(schema.problem.id, ids))
+      : [],
+    challengeSuccessesOf(userIds, ids),
+  ])
+  // 只认现在还配着的挑战：规则改过的旧 id 不算
+  const liveChallenges = new Map(
+    challengeConfigs.map((row) => [
+      row.id,
+      new Set(Object.values(row.challenges ?? {}).flatMap((list) => list.map((c) => c.id))),
+    ]),
+  )
+  const challengeDoneKeys = new Set(
+    challengeDone
+      .filter((row) => liveChallenges.get(row.problemId)?.has(row.challengeId))
+      .map((row) => `${row.userId}:${row.problemId}`),
+  )
   const [cells, lastSubmits, lastDrawn, attendance, drawn, todays, seen] = await Promise.all([
     ids.length && userIds.length
       ? db
@@ -619,6 +641,7 @@ classroomRoutes.get("/classroom/board", requireTeacher, async (c) => {
       problemDisplayId: problem.displayId,
       title: problem.title,
       isSql: problem.isSql,
+      hasChallenges: (liveChallenges.get(problem.id)?.size ?? 0) > 0,
     })),
     students: roster.map(
       (student) =>
@@ -659,6 +682,14 @@ classroomRoutes.get("/classroom/board", requireTeacher, async (c) => {
                   }))
                 : [],
               acceptedTry: firstTry >= 0 ? firstTry + 1 : null,
+              challenge:
+                !acceptedAt || !liveChallenges.get(id)?.size
+                  ? null
+                  : challengeDoneKeys.has(key)
+                    ? "done"
+                    : today.some((row) => Date.parse(row.createTime) > Date.parse(acceptedAt))
+                      ? "doing"
+                      : null,
             }
           }),
           lastSubmitAt: lastByUser.get(student.userId) ?? null,

apps/api/src/routes/problem.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 import {
+  AST_SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES,
   isSqlProblem,
   normalizeLanguage,
   problemListSortSchema,
   problemTypeFilterSchema,
+  type ChallengeList,
   type ProblemAuthor,
   type ProblemDetail,
   type ProblemList,
@@ -28,9 +30,10 @@ import {
 } from "drizzle-orm"
 import { Hono } from "hono"
 
-import { optionalAuth, type AppEnv } from "../auth/middleware"
+import { optionalAuth, requireAuth, type AppEnv } from "../auth/middleware"
 import { db, schema } from "../db"
 import { astRequirements } from "../judge/ast"
+import { challengeList } from "../services/challenge"
 import { failure, success } from "../http"
 import { JudgeStatus } from "../judge/status"
 import {
@@ -340,6 +343,21 @@ problemRoutes.get("/problem-authors", async (c) => {
   return success(c, rows satisfies ProblemAuthor[])
 })
 
+/**
+ * 几道题的挑战：`?problems=1080,2020,4077&language=Python`。课堂条「这节课都做完了」一次要
+ * 一节课的几道，题目页只要当前这道。挑战按语言分，语言是学生编辑器里选的那种
+ */
+problemRoutes.get("/challenges", requireAuth, async (c) => {
+  const language = c.req.query("language") ?? ""
+  if (!AST_SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.includes(language)) return success(c, [] satisfies ChallengeList)
+  const ids = (c.req.query("problems") ?? "")
+    .split(",")
+    .map((id) => id.trim())
+    .filter(Boolean)
+    .slice(0, 20)
+  return success(c, (await challengeList(c.get("user")!, ids, language)) satisfies ChallengeList)
+})
+
 problemRoutes.get("/problems/:displayId/similar", optionalAuth, async (c) => {
   const [target] = await db
     .select({ id: schema.problem.id })

apps/api/src/services/challenge.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,560 @@
+import { randomBytes } from "node:crypto"
+
+import {
+  AST_SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES,
+  challengeSchema,
+  type AstRule,
+  type Challenge,
+  type ChallengeInput,
+  type ChallengeList,
+  type ChallengeSuggestion,
+  type ProblemChallenges,
+  type ProblemLanguage,
+} from "@oj2/contract"
+import { and, asc, eq, inArray, isNull, sql } from "drizzle-orm"
+
+import { db, schema } from "../db"
+import { astRulesError, checkAstGroups, type AstResult } from "../judge/ast"
+import { JudgeStatus } from "../judge/status"
+
+/**
+ * 挑战：做对之后，同一道题加一条写法上的限制再做一遍。规则存在 problem.challenges，
+ * 谁做到了记在 challenge_success。形状和口径见契约 challengeSchema。
+ *
+ * 这里管四件事：判（judge/run.ts 在做对的提交上调）、补（新加的挑战拿历史上做对的
+ * 代码补一遍谁已经做到了）、给学生的列表、给出题页的候选。
+ */
+
+/** problem.challenges 里某种语言的挑战。逐条过 schema，一条坏的不连累别的（同 run.ts 的 astRulesForLanguage） */
+export function challengesFor(value: unknown, language: string): Challenge[] {
+  if (!value || typeof value !== "object" || Array.isArray(value)) return []
+  const list = (value as Record<string, unknown>)[language]
+  if (!Array.isArray(list)) return []
+  return list.flatMap((item) => {
+    const parsed = challengeSchema.safeParse(item)
+    return parsed.success && parsed.data.rules.length > 0 ? [parsed.data] : []
+  })
+}
+
+export interface ChallengeVerdict {
+  id: string
+  passed: boolean
+  results: AstResult[]
+}
+
+/** 一份代码对着几条挑战各判一遍（只解析一次）。判不了就当一条都没做到 */
+export async function judgeChallenges(
+  code: string,
+  language: string,
+  challenges: Challenge[],
+): Promise<ChallengeVerdict[]> {
+  if (challenges.length === 0) return []
+  const groups = await checkAstGroups(
+    code,
+    language,
+    challenges.map((challenge) => challenge.rules),
+  )
+  if (!groups) return []
+  return challenges.map((challenge, i) => ({
+    id: challenge.id,
+    passed: groups[i]!.passed,
+    results: groups[i]!.results,
+  }))
+}
+
+interface SuccessRow {
+  userId: number
+  problemId: number
+  challengeId: string
+  submissionId: string
+  createdAt: string
+}
+
+/** 记下做到了。已经做到过的不动 —— 留的是第一次做到的那份提交 */
+export async function recordChallengeSuccesses(rows: SuccessRow[]) {
+  if (rows.length === 0) return
+  await db.insert(schema.challengeSuccess).values(rows).onConflictDoNothing()
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- 补历史记录
+
+let scanning: Promise<void> | null = null
+
+/**
+ * 新加的挑战（没有 scannedAt 的）拿历史上做对的代码补一遍：一批人早就这么写过，
+ * 不补的话「全站 N 人做到」从 0 开始，那些人打开挑战还得再交一次一模一样的代码。
+ *
+ * api 起来之后跑一次（迁移灌进来的那批在这里补），出题页保存之后再跑一次。
+ * 两个站点共库、各起一个 api，可能同时补同一批 —— 插入是 on conflict do nothing，
+ * 重复补只是白算一遍。
+ *
+ * 服务器只有 2 核：一道题几百份代码，每 50 份让出一次事件循环，别把请求卡住。
+ */
+export function scanPendingChallenges(): Promise<void> {
+  if (!scanning) {
+    scanning = scanAll()
+      .catch((error: unknown) => console.error("[challenge] 补做到记录失败", error))
+      .finally(() => {
+        scanning = null
+      })
+  }
+  return scanning
+}
+
+async function scanAll() {
+  const problems = await db
+    .select({ id: schema.problem.id, challenges: schema.problem.challenges })
+    .from(schema.problem)
+    .where(sql`${schema.problem.challenges} is not null`)
+  for (const problem of problems) {
+    for (const language of Object.keys(problem.challenges ?? {})) {
+      const pending = challengesFor(problem.challenges, language).filter((c) => !c.scannedAt)
+      if (pending.length === 0) continue
+      const started = Date.now()
+      const found = await scanProblem(problem.id, language, pending)
+      await markScanned(
+        problem.id,
+        language,
+        pending.map((c) => c.id),
+      )
+      console.log(
+        `[challenge] 题 ${problem.id} ${language} 补了 ${pending.length} 条挑战、${found} 条做到，用时 ${Date.now() - started}ms`,
+      )
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+async function scanProblem(problemId: number, language: string, pending: Challenge[]) {
+  const subs = await db
+    .select({
+      id: schema.submission.id,
+      userId: schema.submission.userId,
+      code: schema.submission.code,
+      createTime: schema.submission.createTime,
+    })
+    .from(schema.submission)
+    // 库里有一批孤儿提交（用户删了、提交还在），记不进 challenge_success 的外键
+    .innerJoin(schema.user, eq(schema.user.id, schema.submission.userId))
+    .where(
+      and(
+        eq(schema.submission.problemId, problemId),
+        eq(schema.submission.result, JudgeStatus.ACCEPTED),
+        eq(schema.submission.language, language as ProblemLanguage),
+        isNull(schema.submission.contestId),
+      ),
+    )
+    // 按时间顺着判：同一个人第一次做到的那份先遇到
+    .orderBy(asc(schema.submission.createTime))
+
+  const seen = pending.map(() => new Set<number>())
+  let rows: SuccessRow[] = []
+  let found = 0
+  for (const [index, sub] of subs.entries()) {
+    if (pending.every((_, i) => seen[i]!.has(sub.userId))) continue
+    const verdicts = await judgeChallenges(sub.code, language, pending)
+    for (const [i, verdict] of verdicts.entries()) {
+      if (!verdict.passed || seen[i]!.has(sub.userId)) continue
+      seen[i]!.add(sub.userId)
+      rows.push({
+        userId: sub.userId,
+        problemId,
+        challengeId: verdict.id,
+        submissionId: sub.id,
+        createdAt: sub.createTime,
+      })
+    }
+    if (rows.length >= 500) {
+      found += rows.length
+      await recordChallengeSuccesses(rows)
+      rows = []
+    }
+    if (index % 50 === 49) await Bun.sleep(0)
+  }
+  found += rows.length
+  await recordChallengeSuccesses(rows)
+  return found
+}
+
+/** 补完记一笔。重新读一遍再写：补的这会儿老师可能刚存过，只给还在、id 没变的那几条打标记 */
+async function markScanned(problemId: number, language: string, ids: string[]) {
+  const [row] = await db
+    .select({ challenges: schema.problem.challenges })
+    .from(schema.problem)
+    .where(eq(schema.problem.id, problemId))
+    .limit(1)
+  const current = row?.challenges
+  if (!current?.[language]) return
+  const now = new Date().toISOString()
+  const next: ProblemChallenges = {
+    ...current,
+    [language]: current[language]!.map((c) => (ids.includes(c.id) ? { ...c, scannedAt: now } : c)),
+  }
+  await db.update(schema.problem).set({ challenges: next }).where(eq(schema.problem.id, problemId))
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- 出题页保存
+
+function sameRules(a: AstRule[], b: AstRule[]) {
+  return JSON.stringify(a) === JSON.stringify(b)
+}
+
+/**
+ * 出题页提交的挑战 → 落库的形状。只留题目收的、判题机判得了的语言（同 pickAstRules）；
+ * 规则没变的沿用原来的 id 和 scannedAt，改过的、新加的发新 id —— 做到记录跟着 id 走，
+ * 规则一变旧记录就不作数了。
+ */
+export function normalizeChallenges(
+  input: Record<string, ChallengeInput[]> | null,
+  previous: ProblemChallenges | null,
+  languages: string[],
+): { error: string } | { challenges: ProblemChallenges | null } {
+  if (!input) return { challenges: null }
+  const out: ProblemChallenges = {}
+  for (const [language, list] of Object.entries(input)) {
+    if (!languages.includes(language) || !AST_SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES.includes(language)) continue
+    const before = previous?.[language] ?? []
+    const items: Challenge[] = []
+    for (const [index, item] of list.entries()) {
+      const error = astRulesError({ [language]: item.rules })
+      if (error)
+        return {
+          error: `挑战 ${language} 第 ${index + 1} 条：${error.replace(/^代码规则 \S+ /, "")}`,
+        }
+      const kept = before.find((c) => c.id === item.id && sameRules(c.rules, item.rules))
+      items.push({
+        id: kept?.id ?? randomBytes(4).toString("hex"),
+        wording: item.wording,
+        rules: item.rules,
+        ...(kept?.scannedAt ? { scannedAt: kept.scannedAt } : {}),
+      })
+    }
+    if (items.length > 0) out[language] = items
+  }
+  return { challenges: Object.keys(out).length > 0 ? out : null }
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- 给学生的列表
+
+/**
+ * 几道题、某种语言下的挑战：说法、全站几人做到、我做到没有（做到了是本班、全站第几个）。
+ * 规则原文不下发，同 astRequirements。题号按传进来的顺序返回，没配挑战的题不返回。
+ */
+export async function challengeList(
+  user: { id: number; className: string | null },
+  displayIds: string[],
+  language: string,
+): Promise<ChallengeList> {
+  if (displayIds.length === 0) return []
+  const problems = await db
+    .select({
+      id: schema.problem.id,
+      displayId: schema.problem.displayId,
+      title: schema.problem.title,
+      challenges: schema.problem.challenges,
+    })
+    .from(schema.problem)
+    .where(
+      and(
+        inArray(schema.problem.displayId, displayIds),
+        isNull(schema.problem.contestId),
+        sql`${schema.problem.challenges} is not null`,
+      ),
+    )
+  const configured = problems
+    .map((p) => ({ ...p, list: challengesFor(p.challenges, language) }))
+    .filter((p) => p.list.length > 0)
+  if (configured.length === 0) return []
+  const ids = configured.map((p) => p.id)
+
+  const acceptedBy = and(
+    inArray(schema.submission.problemId, ids),
+    eq(schema.submission.result, JudgeStatus.ACCEPTED),
+    eq(schema.submission.language, language as ProblemLanguage),
+    isNull(schema.submission.contestId),
+  )
+  const [acRows, solvedRows, doneRows, mineRows] = await Promise.all([
+    db
+      .select({
+        problemId: schema.submission.problemId,
+        count: sql<number>`count(distinct ${schema.submission.userId})::int`,
+      })
+      .from(schema.submission)
+      .where(acceptedBy)
+      .groupBy(schema.submission.problemId),
+    db
+      .selectDistinct({ problemId: schema.submission.problemId })
+      .from(schema.submission)
+      .where(and(acceptedBy, eq(schema.submission.userId, user.id))),
+    db
+      .select({
+        problemId: schema.challengeSuccess.problemId,
+        challengeId: schema.challengeSuccess.challengeId,
+        count: sql<number>`count(*)::int`,
+      })
+      .from(schema.challengeSuccess)
+      .where(inArray(schema.challengeSuccess.problemId, ids))
+      .groupBy(schema.challengeSuccess.problemId, schema.challengeSuccess.challengeId),
+    db
+      .select()
+      .from(schema.challengeSuccess)
+      .where(
+        and(
+          inArray(schema.challengeSuccess.problemId, ids),
+          eq(schema.challengeSuccess.userId, user.id),
+        ),
+      ),
+  ])
+
+  // 第几个做到：比我早的有几个。同一时刻的按 id 排（补记录时同一批插入的 id 也是按时间顺的）
+  const ranks = await Promise.all(
+    mineRows.map(async (mine) => {
+      const earlier = and(
+        eq(schema.challengeSuccess.problemId, mine.problemId),
+        eq(schema.challengeSuccess.challengeId, mine.challengeId),
+        sql`(${schema.challengeSuccess.createdAt}, ${schema.challengeSuccess.id}) < (${mine.createdAt}, ${mine.id})`,
+      )
+      const [site] = await db
+        .select({ count: sql<number>`count(*)::int` })
+        .from(schema.challengeSuccess)
+        .where(earlier)
+      const [cls] = user.className
+        ? await db
+            .select({ count: sql<number>`count(*)::int` })
+            .from(schema.challengeSuccess)
+            .innerJoin(schema.user, eq(schema.user.id, schema.challengeSuccess.userId))
+            .where(and(earlier, eq(schema.user.className, user.className)))
+        : [null]
+      return {
+        key: `${mine.problemId}:${mine.challengeId}`,
+        mine: {
+          at: mine.createdAt,
+          siteRank: (site?.count ?? 0) + 1,
+          classRank: cls ? cls.count + 1 : null,
+        },
+      }
+    }),
+  )
+  const mineByKey = new Map(ranks.map((r) => [r.key, r.mine]))
+  const acByProblem = new Map(acRows.map((r) => [r.problemId, r.count]))
+  const solved = new Set(solvedRows.map((r) => r.problemId))
+  const doneByKey = new Map(doneRows.map((r) => [`${r.problemId}:${r.challengeId}`, r.count]))
+
+  const byDisplayId = new Map(configured.map((p) => [p.displayId, p]))
+  return displayIds.flatMap((displayId) => {
+    const p = byDisplayId.get(displayId)
+    if (!p) return []
+    return [
+      {
+        problemId: p.displayId,
+        title: p.title,
+        acCount: acByProblem.get(p.id) ?? 0,
+        solved: solved.has(p.id),
+        challenges: p.list.map((c) => ({
+          id: c.id,
+          wording: c.wording,
+          doneCount: doneByKey.get(`${p.id}:${c.id}`) ?? 0,
+          mine: mineByKey.get(`${p.id}:${c.id}`) ?? null,
+        })),
+      },
+    ]
+  })
+}
+
+/** 课堂看板用：这些人在这些题上做到了哪些挑战（只认现在还配着的挑战） */
+export async function challengeSuccessesOf(userIds: number[], problemIds: number[]) {
+  if (userIds.length === 0 || problemIds.length === 0) return []
+  return db
+    .select({
+      userId: schema.challengeSuccess.userId,
+      problemId: schema.challengeSuccess.problemId,
+      challengeId: schema.challengeSuccess.challengeId,
+    })
+    .from(schema.challengeSuccess)
+    .where(
+      and(
+        inArray(schema.challengeSuccess.userId, userIds),
+        inArray(schema.challengeSuccess.problemId, problemIds),
+      ),
+    )
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------- 出题页的候选
+
+interface Feature {
+  rule: AstRule
+  /** 用了它时的说法、没用它时的说法 */
+  use: string
+  avoid: string
+}
+
+/** 中文里夹的英文词两边留空格：「用 f-string 再写一遍」「用列表再写一遍」 */
+function phrases(label: string) {
+  const before = /^[A-Za-z.]/.test(label) ? " " : ""
+  const after = /[A-Za-z)]$/.test(label) ? " " : ""
+  return { use: `用${before}${label}${after}再写一遍`, avoid: `不用${before}${label}，再写一遍` }
+}
+
+const node = (target: string, label: string): Feature => ({
+  rule: { engine: "must_exist_node", target },
+  ...phrases(label),
+})
+const call = (target: string): Feature => ({
+  rule: { engine: "must_call_function", target },
+  ...phrases(`${target}()`),
+})
+const method = (target: string): Feature => ({
+  rule: { engine: "must_call_method", target },
+  ...phrases(`.${target}()`),
+})
+
+/**
+ * 去挖哪些写法。2026-10 第一批挑战是这样挖出来的，挖出来以后人工逐条看过，这几类基本
+ * 都判掉了，所以这里干脆不挖：「不用 int()」（做到的是 eval）、「不用 elif / else」
+ * （拆成一串 if、多写一个反向条件）、「用 str() / list() / strip()」（凑数）。
+ */
+const FEATURES: Record<string, Feature[]> = {
+  Python: [
+    node("for_loop", "for 循环"),
+    node("while_loop", "while 循环"),
+    node("if_statement", "if"),
+    node("function_definition", "自定义函数"),
+    node("list_comprehension", "列表推导式"),
+    node("list_literal", "列表"),
+    node("dict_literal", "字典"),
+    node("f_string", "f-string"),
+    ...["max", "min", "sum", "len", "sorted", "abs", "round", "map", "enumerate", "zip"].map(call),
+    ...["join", "format", "count", "replace", "split", "upper", "lower", "find"].map(method),
+  ],
+  C: [
+    node("for_loop", "for 循环"),
+    node("while_loop", "while 循环"),
+    node("do_while", "do-while 循环"),
+    node("if_statement", "if"),
+    node("switch_statement", "switch"),
+    node("function_definition", "自定义函数"),
+    ...["puts", "strlen", "abs", "pow", "sqrt"].map(call),
+  ],
+}
+FEATURES["C++"] = FEATURES.C!
+
+const PRINT: Record<string, string> = { Python: "print", C: "printf", "C++": "printf" }
+
+/** 「不用」能直接变成规则的引擎 */
+const NEGATE: Record<string, AstRule["engine"]> = {
+  must_exist_node: "must_not_exist_node",
+  must_call_function: "must_not_call_function",
+  must_call_method: "must_not_call_method",
+}
+
+/**
+ * 出题页「挑战」的候选：这道题历史上做对的代码里，一批人用另一种写法也做对了的地方。
+ * 门槛和第一批一样：多数人用了、有 ≥5 人没用也做对了 → 「不用 X」；少数人用了且 ≥5 人 →
+ * 「用 X」；print 次数少于中位数且 ≥5 人做到 → 「少用 print」。
+ */
+export async function challengeSuggestions(
+  problemId: number,
+  language: string,
+  existing: Challenge[],
+): Promise<{ acCount: number; suggestions: ChallengeSuggestion[] }> {
+  const features = FEATURES[language] ?? []
+  const printName = PRINT[language] ?? "print"
+  const subs = await db
+    .select({ userId: schema.submission.userId, code: schema.submission.code })
+    .from(schema.submission)
+    .where(
+      and(
+        eq(schema.submission.problemId, problemId),
+        eq(schema.submission.result, JudgeStatus.ACCEPTED),
+        eq(schema.submission.language, language as ProblemLanguage),
+        isNull(schema.submission.contestId),
+      ),
+    )
+    .orderBy(asc(schema.submission.createTime))
+
+  const groups = [
+    ...features.map((f) => [f.rule]),
+    [{ engine: "count_function_call", target: printName, min: 0 } satisfies AstRule],
+  ]
+  interface Seen {
+    code: string
+    has: boolean[]
+    prints: number
+  }
+  const byUser = new Map<number, Seen[]>()
+  for (const [index, sub] of subs.entries()) {
+    const list = byUser.get(sub.userId) ?? []
+    // 一个人最多看 3 份：有人同一道题交了几十遍
+    if (list.length >= 3) continue
+    const verdicts = await checkAstGroups(sub.code, language, groups)
+    if (!verdicts) continue
+    list.push({
+      code: sub.code,
+      has: verdicts.slice(0, features.length).map((v) => v.passed),
+      prints: verdicts.at(-1)?.results[0]?.actual ?? 0,
+    })
+    byUser.set(sub.userId, list)
+    if (index % 50 === 49) await Bun.sleep(0)
+  }
+  const users = [...byUser.values()]
+  const acCount = users.length
+  if (acCount === 0) return { acCount, suggestions: [] }
+
+  const example = (pick: (s: Seen) => boolean) => {
+    const pool = users.flatMap((list) => list.filter(pick)).map((s) => s.code.trim())
+    pool.sort((a, b) => a.length - b.length)
+    return pool[Math.floor(pool.length / 2)] ?? ""
+  }
+  const suggestions: ChallengeSuggestion[] = []
+  for (const [i, feature] of features.entries()) {
+    const usedFirst = users.filter((list) => list[0]!.has[i]).length
+    if (usedFirst / acCount >= 0.5) {
+      const did = users.filter((list) => list.some((s) => !s.has[i])).length
+      const engine = NEGATE[feature.rule.engine]
+      if (did >= 5 && engine) {
+        suggestions.push({
+          wording: feature.avoid,
+          rules: [{ ...feature.rule, engine }],
+          did,
+          firstShare: Math.round((usedFirst / acCount) * 100),
+          example: example((s) => !s.has[i]),
+        })
+      }
+    } else {
+      const did = users.filter((list) => list.some((s) => s.has[i])).length
+      if (did >= 5) {
+        suggestions.push({
+          wording: feature.use,
+          rules: [feature.rule],
+          did,
+          firstShare: Math.round((usedFirst / acCount) * 100),
+          example: example((s) => s.has[i] === true),
+        })
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const firstPrints = users.map((list) => list[0]!.prints).sort((a, b) => a - b)
+  const median = firstPrints[Math.floor(firstPrints.length / 2)]!
+  for (let level = 1; level < median; level++) {
+    const ok = (s: Seen) => s.prints >= 1 && s.prints <= level
+    const did = users.filter((list) => list.some(ok)).length
+    if (did < 5) continue
+    suggestions.push({
+      wording: `只用 ${level} 次 ${printName}`,
+      rules: [{ engine: "count_function_call", target: printName, max: level }],
+      did,
+      firstShare: null,
+      example: example(ok),
+    })
+    break
+  }
+
+  const taken = existing.map((c) => JSON.stringify(c.rules))
+  return {
+    acCount,
+    suggestions: suggestions
+      .filter((s) => !taken.includes(JSON.stringify(s.rules)))
+      .sort((a, b) => b.did - a.did)
+      .slice(0, 12),
+  }
+}

packages/contract/src/admin.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ import { problemLanguageSchema, runnableLanguageSchema } from "./language"
 import {
   astRuleSchema,
   astRulesSchema,
+  CHALLENGE_RULES_MAX,
+  CHALLENGE_WORDING_MAX,
+  CHALLENGES_PER_LANGUAGE_MAX,
+  problemChallengesSchema,
   problemDifficultySchema,
   sqlConfigSchema,
   sqlDisplaySchema,
@@ -945,6 +949,7 @@ export const adminProblemSchema = z.object({
   flowchartData: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()),
   flowchartHint: z.string().nullable(),
   astRules: astRulesSchema.nullable(),
+  challenges: problemChallengesSchema.nullable(),
   answers: z.array(problemAnswerSchema),
   prompt: z.string().nullable(),
   sqlConfig: sqlConfigSchema.nullable(),
@@ -963,6 +968,21 @@ export const adminProblemSchema = z.object({
  */
 export const PROBLEM_TAG_MAX_LENGTH = 32
 
+/**
+ * 出题页提交的一条挑战。新加的不带 id，后端发；规则改过的后端也换新 id（见契约
+ * challengeSchema）。规则的语义校验（这种语言有没有这个语法）在后端 astRulesError，同 astRules
+ */
+export const challengeInputSchema = z.object({
+  id: z.string().max(32).optional(),
+  wording: z.string().trim().min(1).max(CHALLENGE_WORDING_MAX),
+  rules: z.array(astRuleSchema).min(1).max(CHALLENGE_RULES_MAX),
+})
+
+export const challengeInputsSchema = z.record(
+  z.string(),
+  z.array(challengeInputSchema).max(CHALLENGES_PER_LANGUAGE_MAX),
+)
+
 export const createProblemRequestSchema = z.object({
   _id: z.string().trim().min(1).max(32),
   title: z.string().trim().min(1).max(1024),
@@ -1002,6 +1022,11 @@ export const createProblemRequestSchema = z.object({
   flowchartData: z.record(z.string(), z.unknown()).nullable().default(null),
   flowchartHint: z.string().nullable().default(null),
   astRules: astRulesSchema.nullable().default(null),
+  /**
+   * 不带这个键 = 不动原来的挑战。上线那一刻浏览器里还开着旧版出题页，它保存时不带挑战，
+   * 给个默认 null 的话一保存就把挑战清了；null 才是「清空」
+   */
+  challenges: challengeInputsSchema.nullable().optional(),
   // order_sensitive 缺省补 false —— 与旧后端 SQLConfigSerializer 的
   // `BooleanField(default=False)` 一致
   sqlConfig: sqlConfigSchema
@@ -1122,6 +1147,33 @@ export const astCheckResponseSchema = z.object({
   ),
 })
 
+/**
+ * 出题页「挑战」的候选：拿这道题历史上做对的代码，找「一批人用另一种写法也做对了」的地方。
+ * 只是给老师挑的素材 —— 机械找出来的会有坏的（拆掉 elif 换成一串 if 也算「不用 elif」），
+ * 所以每条都带一份做到的人的真实代码，好不好老师看了再加
+ */
+export const challengeSuggestionsRequestSchema = z.object({
+  language: runnableLanguageSchema,
+})
+
+export const challengeSuggestionSchema = z.object({
+  /** 默认说法，老师加上之后可以改 */
+  wording: z.string(),
+  rules: z.array(astRuleSchema),
+  /** 这样做对过的人数 */
+  did: z.number().int(),
+  /** 第一次做对时就这样写的人占几成（%）；「少用 print」这类没有 */
+  firstShare: z.number().int().nullable(),
+  /** 一份做到的人的代码 */
+  example: z.string(),
+})
+
+export const challengeSuggestionsResponseSchema = z.object({
+  /** 这种语言做对过的人数 */
+  acCount: z.number().int(),
+  suggestions: z.array(challengeSuggestionSchema),
+})
+
 /** AI 按题面和标准答案想几组测试输入（输出由标准答案在判题机上跑，不让 AI 编） */
 export const generateTestInputsRequestSchema = z.object({
   description: z.string().max(64 * 1024),
@@ -1180,6 +1232,9 @@ export type GenerateSqlTestCaseResponse = z.infer<typeof generateSqlTestCaseResp
 export type TestCaseFiles = z.infer<typeof testCaseFilesSchema>
 export type AstCheckRequest = z.input<typeof astCheckRequestSchema>
 export type AstCheckResponse = z.infer<typeof astCheckResponseSchema>
+export type ChallengeInput = z.input<typeof challengeInputSchema>
+export type ChallengeSuggestion = z.infer<typeof challengeSuggestionSchema>
+export type ChallengeSuggestionsResponse = z.infer<typeof challengeSuggestionsResponseSchema>
 export type GenerateTestInputsRequest = z.input<typeof generateTestInputsRequestSchema>
 export type GenerateTestInputsResponse = z.infer<typeof generateTestInputsResponseSchema>
 

packages/contract/src/classroom.ts

@@ -88,6 +88,8 @@ export const classBoardProblemSchema = z.object({
   title: z.string(),
   /** SQL 题不受布置的语言限制：格子数的是 SQL 交的，点进提交列表也按 SQL 筛 */
   isSql: z.boolean(),
+  /** 这道题配了挑战（见 problem.ts 的 challengeSchema）：题卡片写挑战成功几人 */
+  hasChallenges: z.boolean(),
 })
 
 export const classBoardCellSchema = z.object({
@@ -128,6 +130,11 @@ export const classBoardCellSchema = z.object({
   trail: z.array(z.object({ id: z.string(), result: judgeStatusSchema, createTime: z.string() })),
   /** 今天第几次代码提交做对的，1 = 一次就对；今天之前就做对了、今天没靠代码做对的为 null */
   acceptedTry: z.number().int().nullable(),
+  /**
+   * 挑战：done = 做到了这道题的一条挑战（不限今天）；doing = 做对之后今天又交了、还没做到 ——
+   * 做完了的学生是在挑战还是闲着，老师一眼看得出。没配挑战的题、没做对的格子为 null
+   */
+  challenge: z.enum(["done", "doing"]).nullable(),
 })
 
 export const classBoardStudentSchema = z.object({

packages/contract/src/problem.ts

@@ -355,6 +355,62 @@ export const astRequirementSchema = z.object({
 /** 按语言分组，与 astRulesSchema 同一套键 */
 export const astRequirementsSchema = z.record(z.string(), z.array(astRequirementSchema))
 
+/**
+ * 挑战：做对之后，同一道题加一条写法上的限制再做一遍（「整首歌只用 1 次 print」）。
+ * 判定沿用 AST 规则，几条规则同时满足才算做到 —— 单写「用 while」的话学生留着原来的
+ * for、再补一个空 while 就过了，所以常配成「用 while + 不用 for」。
+ *
+ * 和 astRules 一样按语言分组。`id` 是谁做到了（challenge_success）的记账键：
+ * 规则一改就换新 id，旧的做到记录跟着旧规则作废，只改说法不换。
+ * `scannedAt` 是后端记的「已经拿历史上做对的代码补过一遍记录」，见 services/challenge.ts。
+ */
+export const challengeSchema = z.object({
+  id: z.string(),
+  /** 给学生看的说法，例如「整首歌只用 1 次 print」 */
+  wording: z.string(),
+  rules: z.array(astRuleSchema),
+  scannedAt: z.string().optional(),
+})
+
+export const problemChallengesSchema = z.record(z.string(), z.array(challengeSchema))
+
+/** 挑战说法的长度上限：要在结果页签的一行里放得下 */
+export const CHALLENGE_WORDING_MAX = 24
+
+/** 一条挑战最多几条规则、一道题一种语言最多几条挑战 */
+export const CHALLENGE_RULES_MAX = 4
+export const CHALLENGES_PER_LANGUAGE_MAX = 4
+
+/** 我做到了一条挑战：本班、全站各是第几个做到的 */
+export const challengeMineSchema = z.object({
+  at: z.string(),
+  siteRank: z.number().int(),
+  /** 没有班级（老师、自己注册的号）时为 null */
+  classRank: z.number().int().nullable(),
+})
+
+/** 下发给学生的一条挑战：只有说法和人数，规则原文不出去（同 astRequirements） */
+export const challengeItemSchema = z.object({
+  id: z.string(),
+  wording: z.string(),
+  /** 全站做到的人数 */
+  doneCount: z.number().int(),
+  mine: challengeMineSchema.nullable(),
+})
+
+/** GET /challenges：几道题、某种语言下的挑战 */
+export const problemChallengeGroupSchema = z.object({
+  problemId: z.string(),
+  title: z.string(),
+  /** 这种语言做对过这道题的人数（「642 个做对的人里 62 人做到」的 642） */
+  acCount: z.number().int(),
+  /** 我用这种语言做对过没有：没做对的挑战不给接 */
+  solved: z.boolean(),
+  challenges: z.array(challengeItemSchema),
+})
+
+export const challengeListSchema = z.array(problemChallengeGroupSchema)
+
 export const problemDetailSchema = z.object({
   id: z.number().int(),
   _id: z.string(),
@@ -555,6 +611,12 @@ export type AstRule = z.infer<typeof astRuleSchema>
 export type AstRules = z.infer<typeof astRulesSchema>
 export type AstRequirement = z.infer<typeof astRequirementSchema>
 export type AstRequirements = z.infer<typeof astRequirementsSchema>
+export type Challenge = z.infer<typeof challengeSchema>
+export type ProblemChallenges = z.infer<typeof problemChallengesSchema>
+export type ChallengeMine = z.infer<typeof challengeMineSchema>
+export type ChallengeItem = z.infer<typeof challengeItemSchema>
+export type ProblemChallengeGroup = z.infer<typeof problemChallengeGroupSchema>
+export type ChallengeList = z.infer<typeof challengeListSchema>
 export type ProblemDifficulty = z.infer<typeof problemDifficultySchema>
 export type ProblemListItem = z.infer<typeof problemListItemSchema>
 export type ProblemList = z.infer<typeof problemListSchema>

packages/contract/src/submission.ts

@@ -51,6 +51,19 @@ export interface JudgeInfo {
   data: JudgeCaseResult[] | null
 }
 
+/** 一条 AST 规则的判定结果，judge/ast.ts 的 checkAst 产出 */
+export const astResultSchema = z.object({
+  description: z.string(),
+  passed: z.boolean(),
+  /** count_* 规则实际数到的次数，判题机只在这两个引擎上写 */
+  actual: z.number().optional(),
+  /**
+   * 没过的「不能用 X」「X 最多 N 次」：X 出现在学生代码的第几行（1 起，已扣掉题目模板的
+   * 前置代码）。2026-10 加的，之前的提交没有
+   */
+  lines: z.array(z.number().int()).optional(),
+})
+
 /**
  * 判题产出的统计（`submission.statistic_info` 的 JSONB 原文）。
  *
@@ -67,13 +80,17 @@ export const statisticInfoSchema = z.looseObject({
   err_info: z.string().optional(),
   time_cost: z.number().optional(),
   memory_cost: z.number().optional(),
-  ast_results: z
+  ast_results: z.array(astResultSchema).optional(),
+  /**
+   * 做对的提交拿这道题的每条挑战（problem.challenges 里这种语言的）各判一遍，
+   * judge/run.ts 写。比赛提交不判。前端在挑战中时按 id 取它正在挑战的那条
+   */
+  challenges: z
     .array(
       z.object({
-        description: z.string(),
+        id: z.string(),
         passed: z.boolean(),
-        /** count_* 规则实际数到的次数，判题机只在这两个引擎上写 */
-        actual: z.number().optional(),
+        results: z.array(astResultSchema),
       }),
     )
     .optional(),
@@ -616,6 +633,7 @@ export type TrialRunResponse =
   | { status: "too-much-output" }
 
 export type StatisticInfo = z.infer<typeof statisticInfoSchema>
+export type AstResultInfo = z.infer<typeof astResultSchema>
 export type SubmissionTrace = z.infer<typeof submissionTraceSchema>
 export type CreateSubmissionRequest = z.input<typeof createSubmissionRequestSchema>
 export type SubmissionDetail = z.infer<typeof submissionDetailSchema>