diff --git a/docs/PERMISSIONS.md b/docs/PERMISSIONS.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..278e51e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/PERMISSIONS.md
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+# 前端权限控制说明
+
+本文档说明了前端如何根据后端权限设计实现权限控制。
+
+## 权限等级
+
+### 1. 普通用户 (Regular User)
+- admin_type: "Regular User"
+- problem_permission: "None"
+- 只能访问前台功能，无法进入管理后台
+
+### 2. 管理员 (Admin)
+- admin_type: "Admin"  
+- problem_permission: "None" | "Own" | "All"
+- 可以访问部分管理功能
+
+### 3. 超级管理员 (Super Admin)
+- admin_type: "Super Admin"
+- problem_permission: "All" (自动设置)
+- 可以访问所有管理功能
+
+## 权限控制实现
+
+### 1. 用户状态管理 (`src/shared/store/user.ts`)
+```typescript
+const isAdminRole = computed(() => 
+  user.value?.admin_type === USER_TYPE.ADMIN ||
+  user.value?.admin_type === USER_TYPE.SUPER_ADMIN
+)
+const isSuperAdmin = computed(() => 
+  user.value?.admin_type === USER_TYPE.SUPER_ADMIN
+)
+const hasProblemPermission = computed(() => 
+  user.value?.problem_permission !== PROBLEM_PERMISSION.NONE
+)
+```
+
+### 2. 权限工具函数 (`src/utils/permissions.ts`)
+提供了一系列权限检查函数：
+- `canManageUsers`: 只有super_admin可以管理用户
+- `canManageProblems`: 需要题目权限
+- `canManageSystemConfig`: 只有super_admin可以管理系统配置
+- 等等...
+
+### 3. 路由权限控制 (`src/main.ts`)
+在路由守卫中检查权限：
+- `requiresAdmin`: 需要admin或super_admin权限
+- `requiresSuperAdmin`: 只有super_admin可以访问
+- `requiresProblemPermission`: 需要题目管理权限
+
+### 4. 菜单权限控制 (`src/shared/layout/admin.vue`)
+根据用户权限动态显示菜单项：
+- admin和super_admin都可以看到：题目管理
+- 只有super_admin可以看到：比赛管理、用户管理、系统设置、公告管理、评论管理、教程管理
+
+## 各功能模块权限说明
+
+### 用户管理 (需要 super_admin)
+- 创建、编辑、删除用户
+- 重置用户密码
+- 封禁/解封用户
+- 批量导入用户
+
+### 题目管理 (需要 problem_permission)
+- `problem_permission = "None"`: 无法管理题目
+- `problem_permission = "Own"`: 只能管理自己创建的题目
+- `problem_permission = "All"`: 可以管理所有题目
+
+### 比赛管理 (super_admin)
+- 创建、编辑、删除比赛
+- 管理比赛题目
+- 查看比赛数据
+
+### 系统配置 (需要 super_admin)
+- SMTP邮件配置
+- 判题服务器管理
+- 网站基本设置
+- 测试用例清理
+
+### 公告管理 (需要 super_admin)
+- 创建、编辑、删除公告
+
+### 评论管理 (需要 super_admin)
+- 查看、删除用户评论
+
+### 教程管理 (需要 super_admin)
+- 创建、编辑、删除教程
+
+## 权限检查流程
+
+1. **路由级权限检查**: 在 `main.ts` 的路由守卫中进行
+2. **组件级权限检查**: 在组件内部使用 `usePermissions()` 进行检查
+3. **UI权限控制**: 根据权限动态显示/隐藏UI元素
+
+## 使用示例
+
+```vue
+<script setup lang="ts">
+import { usePermissions } from "~/utils/permissions"
+
+const { canManageUsers, isSuperAdmin } = usePermissions()
+
+// 权限检查
+if (!canManageUsers.value) {
+  message.error("您没有权限访问此页面")
+  router.push("/admin")
+}
+</script>
+
+<template>
+  <!-- 根据权限显示不同内容 -->
+  <n-button v-if="isSuperAdmin" type="primary">
+    超级管理员专用功能
+  </n-button>
+</template>
+```
+
+## 注意事项
+
+1. **前端权限控制只是UI层面的限制**，真正的权限控制在后端
+2. **所有API调用都会在后端进行权限验证**
+3. **权限信息来自后端用户接口**，前端不应该缓存或修改权限信息
+4. **路由权限检查是异步的**，需要等待用户信息加载完成
diff --git a/src/admin/api.ts b/src/admin/api.ts
index 72d6338..f9bfb73 100644
--- a/src/admin/api.ts
+++ b/src/admin/api.ts
@@ -84,11 +84,11 @@ export function getContestProblem(id: number) {
 export function getUserList(
   offset = 0,
   limit = 10,
-  admin = "0",
+  type = "",
   keyword: string,
 ) {
   return http.get("admin/user", {
-    params: { paging: true, offset, limit, keyword, admin },
+    params: { paging: true, offset, limit, keyword, type },
   })
 }
 
diff --git a/src/admin/setting/config.vue b/src/admin/setting/config.vue
index 35ae7e9..68c4a00 100644
--- a/src/admin/setting/config.vue
+++ b/src/admin/setting/config.vue
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 import { NButton, NTag } from "naive-ui"
 import { parseTime } from "~/utils/functions"
 import { Server } from "~/utils/types"
+import { usePermissions } from "~/utils/permissions"
 import {
   deleteJudgeServer,
   editWebsite,
@@ -17,6 +18,14 @@ interface Testcase {
 }
 
 const message = useMessage()
+const router = useRouter()
+const { canManageSystemConfig } = usePermissions()
+
+// 权限检查：只有super_admin可以管理系统配置
+if (!canManageSystemConfig.value) {
+  message.error("您没有权限访问此页面")
+  router.push("/admin")
+}
 
 const testcaseColumns: DataTableColumn<Testcase>[] = [
   { title: "测试用例 ID", key: "id" },
diff --git a/src/admin/setting/home.vue b/src/admin/setting/home.vue
index a87dcdd..2f8bf12 100644
--- a/src/admin/setting/home.vue
+++ b/src/admin/setting/home.vue
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { NButton } from "naive-ui"
 import { getRank } from "oj/api"
 import Pagination from "~/shared/components/Pagination.vue"
 import { useUserStore } from "~/shared/store/user"
+import { usePermissions } from "~/utils/permissions"
 import { getACRate } from "~/utils/functions"
 import { Rank } from "~/utils/types"
 import { getBaseInfo, randomUser10 } from "../api"
@@ -13,6 +14,13 @@ const contestCount = ref(0)
 const userStore = useUserStore()
 const router = useRouter()
 const message = useMessage()
+const { isSuperAdmin } = usePermissions()
+
+// 权限检查：只有super_admin可以访问管理员首页
+if (!isSuperAdmin.value) {
+  message.error("您没有权限访问此页面")
+  router.push("/admin/problem/list")
+}
 
 const showModal = ref(false)
 const luckyGuy = ref("")
diff --git a/src/admin/user/components/Name.vue b/src/admin/user/components/Name.vue
index 0d77f98..24722de 100644
--- a/src/admin/user/components/Name.vue
+++ b/src/admin/user/components/Name.vue
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
+import { USER_TYPE } from "~/utils/constants"
 import { getUserRole } from "~/utils/functions"
 import { User } from "~/utils/types"
 
@@ -6,7 +7,9 @@ interface Props {
   user: User
 }
 const props = defineProps<Props>()
-const isAdmin = computed(() => props.user.admin_type !== "Regular User")
+const isNotRegularUser = computed(
+  () => props.user.admin_type !== USER_TYPE.REGULAR_USER,
+)
 </script>
 <template>
   <n-flex align="center">
@@ -14,7 +17,7 @@ const isAdmin = computed(() => props.user.admin_type !== "Regular User")
       封号中
     </n-tag>
     <n-tag
-      v-if="isAdmin"
+      v-if="isNotRegularUser"
       :type="getUserRole(props.user.admin_type).type"
       size="small"
     >
diff --git a/src/admin/user/list.vue b/src/admin/user/list.vue
index 848f020..5e42bf7 100644
--- a/src/admin/user/list.vue
+++ b/src/admin/user/list.vue
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 import { DataTableRowKey, SelectOption } from "naive-ui"
 import Pagination from "~/shared/components/Pagination.vue"
-import { parseTime } from "~/utils/functions"
+import { parseTime, filterEmptyValue } from "~/utils/functions"
 import { User } from "~/utils/types"
+import { usePermissions } from "~/utils/permissions"
 import {
   deleteUsers,
   editUser,
@@ -15,6 +16,15 @@ import Name from "./components/Name.vue"
 import { USER_TYPE } from "~/utils/constants"
 
 const message = useMessage()
+const router = useRouter()
+const route = useRoute()
+const { canManageUsers } = usePermissions()
+
+// 权限检查：只有super_admin可以管理用户
+if (!canManageUsers.value) {
+  message.error("您没有权限访问此页面")
+  router.push("/admin")
+}
 
 const total = ref(0)
 const users = ref<User[]>([])
@@ -23,8 +33,14 @@ const query = reactive({
   limit: 10,
   page: 1,
   keyword: "",
-  admin: false,
+  type: "",
 })
+
+const adminOptions = [
+  { label: "全部用户", value: "" },
+  { label: "管理员", value: USER_TYPE.ADMIN },
+  { label: "超级管理员", value: USER_TYPE.SUPER_ADMIN },
+]
 const [create, toggleCreate] = useToggle(false)
 const password = ref("")
 const userIDs = ref<DataTableRowKey[]>([])
@@ -78,15 +94,27 @@ const columns: DataTableColumn<User>[] = [
 ]
 
 const options: SelectOption[] = [
-  { label: "普通", value: "Regular User" },
-  { label: "管理员", value: "Admin" },
-  { label: "超级管理员", value: "Super Admin" },
+  { label: "普通", value: USER_TYPE.REGULAR_USER },
+  { label: "管理员", value: USER_TYPE.ADMIN },
+  { label: "超级管理员", value: USER_TYPE.SUPER_ADMIN },
 ]
 
+function routerPush() {
+  router.push({
+    path: route.path,
+    query: filterEmptyValue(query),
+  })
+}
+
 async function listUsers() {
+  query.keyword = <string>route.query.keyword ?? ""
+  query.page = parseInt(<string>route.query.page) || 1
+  query.limit = parseInt(<string>route.query.limit) || 10
+  query.type = <string>route.query.type ?? ""
+
+  if (query.page < 1) query.page = 1
   const offset = (query.page - 1) * query.limit
-  const isAdmin = query.admin ? "1" : "0"
-  const res = await getUserList(offset, query.limit, isAdmin, query.keyword)
+  const res = await getUserList(offset, query.limit, query.type, query.keyword)
   total.value = res.data.total
   users.value = res.data.results
 }
@@ -127,7 +155,7 @@ function createNewUser() {
     username: "",
     real_name: "",
     email: "",
-    admin_type: "Regular User",
+    admin_type: "Super Admin",
     problem_permission: "",
     create_time: new Date(),
     last_login: new Date(),
@@ -177,7 +205,28 @@ async function handleEditUser() {
 }
 
 onMounted(listUsers)
-watch(query, listUsers, { deep: true })
+watch(() => query.page, routerPush)
+watch(
+  () => [query.limit, query.keyword, query.type],
+  () => {
+    query.page = 1
+    routerPush()
+  },
+)
+watchDebounced(
+  () => query.keyword,
+  () => {
+    query.page = 1
+    routerPush()
+  },
+  { debounce: 500, maxWait: 1000 },
+)
+watch(
+  () => route.name === "admin user list" && route.query,
+  (newVal) => {
+    if (newVal) listUsers()
+  },
+)
 </script>
 
 <template>
@@ -200,8 +249,12 @@ watch(query, listUsers, { deep: true })
         确定删除选中的用户吗？删除后无法恢复！
       </n-popconfirm>
       <n-flex align="center">
-        <span>超管出列</span>
-        <n-switch v-model:value="query.admin" />
+        <n-select
+          v-model:value="query.type"
+          :options="adminOptions"
+          placeholder="选择用户类型"
+          style="width: 120px"
+        />
         <div>
           <n-input style="width: 200px" v-model:value="query.keyword" />
         </div>
diff --git a/src/main.ts b/src/main.ts
index 350b04a..e4f2b2d 100644
--- a/src/main.ts
+++ b/src/main.ts
@@ -31,17 +31,68 @@ const router = createRouter({
   routes: [ojs, admins],
 })
 
-router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
+router.beforeEach(async (to, from, next) => {
+  // 检查是否需要认证
   if (to.matched.some((record) => record.meta.requiresAuth)) {
     if (!storage.get(STORAGE_KEY.AUTHED)) {
       toggleLogin(true)
       next("/")
-    } else {
-      next()
+      return
     }
-  } else {
-    next()
   }
+
+  // 检查管理员权限
+  if (to.matched.some((record) => 
+    record.meta.requiresAdmin || 
+    record.meta.requiresSuperAdmin || 
+    record.meta.requiresProblemPermission
+  )) {
+    if (!storage.get(STORAGE_KEY.AUTHED)) {
+      toggleLogin(true)
+      next("/")
+      return
+    }
+
+    // 动态导入用户store来检查权限
+    const { useUserStore } = await import("./shared/store/user")
+    const userStore = useUserStore()
+    
+    // 确保用户信息已加载
+    if (!userStore.user) {
+      try {
+        await userStore.getMyProfile()
+      } catch (error) {
+        next("/")
+        return
+      }
+    }
+
+    // 检查super admin权限
+    if (to.matched.some((record) => record.meta.requiresSuperAdmin)) {
+      if (!userStore.isSuperAdmin) {
+        next("/admin")
+        return
+      }
+    }
+    
+    // 检查题目权限
+    else if (to.matched.some((record) => record.meta.requiresProblemPermission)) {
+      if (!userStore.hasProblemPermission) {
+        next("/admin")
+        return
+      }
+    }
+    
+    // 检查基本admin权限
+    else if (to.matched.some((record) => record.meta.requiresAdmin)) {
+      if (!userStore.isAdminRole) {
+        next("/")
+        return
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  next()
 })
 
 ChartJS.register(
diff --git a/src/oj/submission/list.vue b/src/oj/submission/list.vue
index af36963..0bea60e 100644
--- a/src/oj/submission/list.vue
+++ b/src/oj/submission/list.vue
@@ -70,16 +70,22 @@ async function listSubmissions() {
 
   if (query.page < 1) query.page = 1
   const offset = query.limit * (query.page - 1)
-  const res = await getSubmissions({
-    ...query,
-    myself: query.myself ? "1" : "0",
-    offset,
-    problem_id: <string>route.query.problem ?? "",
-    contest_id: <string>route.params.contestID ?? "",
-    language: query.language,
-  })
-  submissions.value = res.data.results
-  total.value = res.data.total
+  try {
+    const res = await getSubmissions({
+      ...query,
+      myself: query.myself ? "1" : "0",
+      offset,
+      problem_id: <string>route.query.problem ?? "",
+      contest_id: <string>route.params.contestID ?? "",
+      language: query.language,
+    })
+    submissions.value = res.data.results
+    total.value = res.data.total
+  } catch (error: any) {
+    if (error.data === "Problem doesn't exist") {
+      message.error("题目不存在")
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 async function getTodayCount() {
diff --git a/src/routes.ts b/src/routes.ts
index 9f996ad..53be434 100644
--- a/src/routes.ts
+++ b/src/routes.ts
@@ -107,113 +107,138 @@ export const admins: RouteRecordRaw = {
       path: "",
       name: "admin home",
       component: () => import("~/admin/setting/home.vue"),
+      meta: { requiresAdmin: true },
     },
+    // 只有super_admin可以访问的路由
     {
       path: "config",
       name: "admin config",
       component: () => import("admin/setting/config.vue"),
+      meta: { requiresSuperAdmin: true },
     },
     {
       path: "user/list",
       name: "admin user list",
       component: () => import("admin/user/list.vue"),
+      meta: { requiresSuperAdmin: true },
     },
     {
       path: "user/generate",
       name: "admin user generate",
       component: () => import("~/admin/user/generate.vue"),
+      meta: { requiresSuperAdmin: true },
     },
+    // admin和super_admin都可以访问的路由 (需要题目权限)
     {
       path: "problem/list",
       name: "admin problem list",
       component: () => import("admin/problem/list.vue"),
+      meta: { requiresProblemPermission: true },
     },
     {
       path: "problem/create",
       name: "admin problem create",
       component: () => import("admin/problem/detail.vue"),
+      meta: { requiresProblemPermission: true },
     },
     {
       path: "problem/edit/:problemID",
       name: "admin problem edit",
       component: () => import("admin/problem/detail.vue"),
       props: true,
+      meta: { requiresProblemPermission: true },
     },
+    // admin和super_admin都可以访问的路由
     {
       path: "contest/list",
       name: "admin contest list",
       component: () => import("admin/contest/list.vue"),
+      meta: { requiresAdmin: true },
     },
     {
       path: "contest/create",
       name: "admin contest create",
       component: () => import("admin/contest/detail.vue"),
+      meta: { requiresAdmin: true },
     },
     {
       path: "contest/edit/:contestID",
       name: "admin contest edit",
       component: () => import("admin/contest/detail.vue"),
       props: true,
+      meta: { requiresAdmin: true },
     },
     {
       path: "contest/:contestID/problem/list",
       name: "admin contest problem list",
       component: () => import("admin/problem/list.vue"),
       props: true,
+      meta: { requiresAdmin: true },
     },
     {
       path: "contest/:contestID/problem/create",
       name: "admin contest problem create",
       component: () => import("admin/problem/detail.vue"),
       props: true,
+      meta: { requiresAdmin: true },
     },
     {
       path: "contest/:contestID/problem/edit/:problemID",
       name: "admin contest problem edit",
       component: () => import("admin/problem/detail.vue"),
       props: true,
+      meta: { requiresAdmin: true },
     },
+    // 只有super_admin可以访问的路由
     {
       path: "announcement/list",
       name: "admin announcement list",
       component: () => import("admin/announcement/list.vue"),
+      meta: { requiresSuperAdmin: true },
     },
     {
       path: "announcement/create",
       name: "admin announcement create",
       component: () => import("admin/announcement/detail.vue"),
+      meta: { requiresSuperAdmin: true },
     },
     {
       path: "announcement/edit/:announcementID",
       name: "admin announcement edit",
       component: () => import("admin/announcement/detail.vue"),
       props: true,
+      meta: { requiresSuperAdmin: true },
     },
     {
       path: "comment/list",
       name: "admin comment list",
       component: () => import("admin/communication/comments.vue"),
+      meta: { requiresSuperAdmin: true },
     },
     {
       path: "message/list",
       name: "admin message list",
       component: () => import("admin/communication/messages.vue"),
+      meta: { requiresSuperAdmin: true },
     },
     {
       path: "tutorial/list",
       name: "admin tutorial list",
       component: () => import("admin/tutorial/list.vue"),
+      meta: { requiresSuperAdmin: true },
     },
     {
       path: "tutorial/create",
       name: "admin tutorial create",
       component: () => import("admin/tutorial/detail.vue"),
+      meta: { requiresSuperAdmin: true },
     },
     {
       path: "tutorial/edit/:tutorialID",
       name: "admin tutorial edit",
       component: () => import("admin/tutorial/detail.vue"),
       props: true,
+      meta: { requiresSuperAdmin: true },
     },
   ],
 }
diff --git a/src/shared/components/Header.vue b/src/shared/components/Header.vue
index 7fe4390..ef4f44e 100644
--- a/src/shared/components/Header.vue
+++ b/src/shared/components/Header.vue
@@ -87,7 +87,12 @@ const menus = computed<MenuOption[]>(() => [
     icon: renderIcon("streamline-emojis:palm-tree"),
   },
   {
-    label: () => h(RouterLink, { to: "/admin" }, { default: () => "后台" }),
+    label: () =>
+      h(
+        RouterLink,
+        { to: userStore.isTheAdmin ? "/admin/problem/list" : "/admin" },
+        { default: () => (userStore.isTheAdmin ? "我出的题" : "后台") },
+      ),
     show: userStore.isAdminRole,
     key: "admin",
     icon: renderIcon("streamline-emojis:ghost"),
diff --git a/src/shared/layout/admin.vue b/src/shared/layout/admin.vue
index 99db6c3..4792b4c 100644
--- a/src/shared/layout/admin.vue
+++ b/src/shared/layout/admin.vue
@@ -7,55 +7,92 @@ import { useUserStore } from "../store/user"
 const route = useRoute()
 const router = useRouter()
 const userStore = useUserStore()
-const options: MenuOption[] = [
-  {
-    label: () => h(RouterLink, { to: "/" }, { default: () => "前台" }),
-    key: "return to OJ",
-  },
-  {
-    label: () => h(RouterLink, { to: "/admin" }, { default: () => "管理" }),
-    key: "admin home",
-  },
-  {
-    label: () =>
-      h(RouterLink, { to: "/admin/config" }, { default: () => "设置" }),
-    key: "admin config",
-  },
-  {
-    label: () =>
-      h(RouterLink, { to: "/admin/problem/list" }, { default: () => "题目" }),
-    key: "admin problem list",
-  },
-  {
-    label: () =>
-      h(RouterLink, { to: "/admin/comment/list" }, { default: () => "评论" }),
-    key: "admin comment list",
-  },
-  {
-    label: () =>
-      h(RouterLink, { to: "/admin/user/list" }, { default: () => "用户" }),
-    key: "admin user list",
-  },
-  {
-    label: () =>
-      h(RouterLink, { to: "/admin/contest/list" }, { default: () => "比赛" }),
-    key: "admin contest list",
-  },
-  {
-    label: () =>
-      h(
-        RouterLink,
-        { to: "/admin/announcement/list" },
-        { default: () => "公告" },
-      ),
-    key: "admin announcement list",
-  },
-  {
-    label: () =>
-      h(RouterLink, { to: "/admin/tutorial/list" }, { default: () => "教程" }),
-    key: "admin tutorial list",
-  },
-]
+
+// 根据用户权限动态生成菜单选项
+const options = computed<MenuOption[]>(() => {
+  const baseOptions: MenuOption[] = [
+    {
+      label: () => h(RouterLink, { to: "/" }, { default: () => "前台" }),
+      key: "return to OJ",
+    },
+  ]
+
+  // admin 可以访问的功能
+  if (userStore.isTheAdmin) {
+    baseOptions.push({
+      label: () =>
+        h(RouterLink, { to: "/admin/problem/list" }, { default: () => "题目" }),
+      key: "admin problem list",
+    })
+  }
+
+  // super_admin 可以访问的功能
+  if (userStore.isSuperAdmin) {
+    baseOptions.push(
+      {
+        label: () => h(RouterLink, { to: "/admin" }, { default: () => "管理" }),
+        key: "admin home",
+      },
+      {
+        label: () =>
+          h(
+            RouterLink,
+            { to: "/admin/problem/list" },
+            { default: () => "题目" },
+          ),
+        key: "admin problem list",
+      },
+      {
+        label: () =>
+          h(
+            RouterLink,
+            { to: "/admin/contest/list" },
+            { default: () => "比赛" },
+          ),
+        key: "admin contest list",
+      },
+      {
+        label: () =>
+          h(RouterLink, { to: "/admin/config" }, { default: () => "设置" }),
+        key: "admin config",
+      },
+      {
+        label: () =>
+          h(RouterLink, { to: "/admin/user/list" }, { default: () => "用户" }),
+        key: "admin user list",
+      },
+      {
+        label: () =>
+          h(
+            RouterLink,
+            { to: "/admin/comment/list" },
+            { default: () => "评论" },
+          ),
+        key: "admin comment list",
+      },
+      {
+        label: () =>
+          h(
+            RouterLink,
+            { to: "/admin/announcement/list" },
+            { default: () => "公告" },
+          ),
+        key: "admin announcement list",
+      },
+      {
+        label: () =>
+          h(
+            RouterLink,
+            { to: "/admin/tutorial/list" },
+            { default: () => "教程" },
+          ),
+        key: "admin tutorial list",
+      },
+    )
+  }
+
+  return baseOptions
+})
 
 const active = computed(() => (route.name as string) || "home")
 
diff --git a/src/shared/store/user.ts b/src/shared/store/user.ts
index 679d8b1..e9b60e0 100644
--- a/src/shared/store/user.ts
+++ b/src/shared/store/user.ts
@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ export const useUserStore = defineStore("user", () => {
       user.value?.admin_type === USER_TYPE.ADMIN ||
       user.value?.admin_type === USER_TYPE.SUPER_ADMIN,
   )
+  const isTheAdmin = computed(
+    () => user.value?.admin_type === USER_TYPE.ADMIN,
+  )
   const isSuperAdmin = computed(
     () => user.value?.admin_type === USER_TYPE.SUPER_ADMIN,
   )
@@ -37,6 +40,7 @@ export const useUserStore = defineStore("user", () => {
     isFinished,
     user,
     isAdminRole,
+    isTheAdmin,
     isSuperAdmin,
     hasProblemPermission,
     isAuthed,
diff --git a/src/utils/functions.ts b/src/utils/functions.ts
index 5ea74aa..dbfbfc2 100644
--- a/src/utils/functions.ts
+++ b/src/utils/functions.ts
@@ -1,34 +1,30 @@
-import { getTime, intervalToDuration, parseISO } from "date-fns"
+import { getTime, intervalToDuration, parseISO, type Duration } from "date-fns"
 import { User } from "./types"
+import { USER_TYPE } from "./constants"
 
-export function getACRate(acCount: number, totalCount: number) {
-  let rate = ""
-  if (totalCount === 0) rate = "0.00"
-  else {
-    if (acCount >= totalCount) rate = "100.00"
-    else rate = ((acCount / totalCount) * 100).toFixed(2)
-  }
-  return `${rate}%`
+function calculateACRate(acCount: number, totalCount: number): string {
+  if (totalCount === 0) return "0.00"
+  if (acCount >= totalCount) return "100.00"
+  return ((acCount / totalCount) * 100).toFixed(2)
 }
 
-export function getACRateNumber(acCount: number, totalCount: number) {
-  let rate = ""
-  if (totalCount === 0) rate = "0.00"
-  else {
-    if (acCount >= totalCount) rate = "100.00"
-    else rate = ((acCount / totalCount) * 100).toFixed(2)
-  }
-  return parseFloat(rate)
+export function getACRate(acCount: number, totalCount: number): string {
+  return `${calculateACRate(acCount, totalCount)}%`
 }
 
-export function filterEmptyValue(object: any) {
-  let query: any = {}
-  Object.keys(object).forEach((key) => {
-    if (object[key] || object[key] === 0 || object[key] === false) {
-      query[key] = object[key]
+export function getACRateNumber(acCount: number, totalCount: number): number {
+  return parseFloat(calculateACRate(acCount, totalCount))
+}
+
+export function filterEmptyValue<T extends Record<string, any>>(
+  object: T,
+): Partial<T> {
+  return Object.entries(object).reduce((query, [key, value]) => {
+    if (value != null && value !== "" && value !== undefined) {
+      query[key as keyof T] = value
     }
-  })
-  return query
+    return query
+  }, {} as Partial<T>)
 }
 
 export function getTagColor(
@@ -50,56 +46,52 @@ export function parseTime(utc: Date | string, format = "YYYY年M月D日") {
   return time.value
 }
 
+function getDurationObject(start: Date | string, end: Date | string) {
+  return intervalToDuration({
+    start: getTime(parseISO(start.toString())),
+    end: getTime(parseISO(end.toString())),
+  })
+}
+
+function formatDurationUnits(
+  duration: Duration,
+  units: Array<{ key: keyof Duration; suffix: string }>,
+): string {
+  return units
+    .filter(({ key }) => duration[key])
+    .map(({ key, suffix }) => duration[key] + suffix)
+    .join("")
+}
+
 export function duration(
   start: Date | string,
   end: Date | string,
   showSeconds = false,
 ): string {
-  const duration = intervalToDuration({
-    start: getTime(parseISO(start.toString())),
-    end: getTime(parseISO(end.toString())),
-  })
-  let result = ""
-  if (duration.years) {
-    result += duration.years + "年"
-  }
-  if (duration.months) {
-    result += duration.months + "月"
-  }
-  if (duration.days) {
-    result += duration.days + "天"
-  }
-  if (duration.hours) {
-    result += duration.hours + "小时"
-  }
-  if (duration.minutes) {
-    result += duration.minutes + "分钟"
-  }
-  if (showSeconds && duration.seconds) {
-    result += duration.seconds + "秒"
-  }
-  return result
+  const durationObj = getDurationObject(start, end)
+  const units = [
+    { key: "years" as const, suffix: "年" },
+    { key: "months" as const, suffix: "月" },
+    { key: "days" as const, suffix: "天" },
+    { key: "hours" as const, suffix: "小时" },
+    { key: "minutes" as const, suffix: "分钟" },
+    ...(showSeconds ? [{ key: "seconds" as const, suffix: "秒" }] : []),
+  ]
+  return formatDurationUnits(durationObj, units)
 }
 
 export function durationToDays(
   start: Date | string,
   end: Date | string,
 ): string {
-  const duration = intervalToDuration({
-    start: getTime(parseISO(start.toString())),
-    end: getTime(parseISO(end.toString())),
-  })
-  let result = ""
-  if (duration.years) {
-    result += duration.years + "年"
-  }
-  if (duration.months) {
-    result += duration.months + "月"
-  }
-  if (duration.days) {
-    result += duration.days + "天"
-  }
-  return !!result ? result : "一天以内"
+  const durationObj = getDurationObject(start, end)
+  const units = [
+    { key: "years" as const, suffix: "年" },
+    { key: "months" as const, suffix: "月" },
+    { key: "days" as const, suffix: "天" },
+  ]
+  const result = formatDurationUnits(durationObj, units)
+  return result || "一天以内"
 }
 
 export function secondsToDuration(seconds: number): string {
@@ -126,13 +118,14 @@ export function submissionTimeFormat(time: number | string | undefined) {
   return time + "ms"
 }
 
-export function debounce(fn: Function, n = 100) {
-  let handle: any
-  return (...args: any[]) => {
-    if (handle) clearTimeout(handle)
-    handle = setTimeout(() => {
-      fn(...args)
-    }, n)
+export function debounce<T extends (...args: any[]) => any>(
+  fn: T,
+  delay = 100,
+): (...args: Parameters<T>) => void {
+  let timeoutId: ReturnType<typeof setTimeout>
+  return (...args: Parameters<T>) => {
+    clearTimeout(timeoutId)
+    timeoutId = setTimeout(() => fn(...args), delay)
   }
 }
 
@@ -140,50 +133,50 @@ export function getUserRole(role: User["admin_type"]): {
   type: "default" | "info" | "error"
   tagString: "普通" | "管理员" | "超管"
 } {
-  const obj: {
-    type: "default" | "info" | "error"
-    tagString: "普通" | "管理员" | "超管"
-  } = { type: "default", tagString: "普通" }
-  switch (role) {
-    case "Regular User":
-      obj.type = "default"
-      obj.tagString = "普通"
-      break
-    case "Admin":
-      obj.type = "info"
-      obj.tagString = "管理员"
-      break
-    case "Super Admin":
-      obj.type = "error"
-      obj.tagString = "超管"
-      break
+  const roleMap = {
+    [USER_TYPE.REGULAR_USER]: {
+      type: "default" as const,
+      tagString: "普通" as const,
+    },
+    [USER_TYPE.ADMIN]: { type: "info" as const, tagString: "管理员" as const },
+    [USER_TYPE.SUPER_ADMIN]: {
+      type: "error" as const,
+      tagString: "超管" as const,
+    },
   }
-  return obj
+
+  return roleMap[role] || roleMap[USER_TYPE.REGULAR_USER]
 }
 
-export function unique<T>(arr: T[]) {
-  return arr.reduce((prev: T[], curr: T) => {
-    if (!prev.includes(curr)) {
-      prev.push(curr)
-    }
-    return prev
-  }, [])
+export function unique<T>(arr: T[]): T[] {
+  return [...new Set(arr)]
 }
 
-export function encode(string?: string) {
-  return btoa(String.fromCharCode(...new TextEncoder().encode(string ?? "")))
+export function encode(string?: string): string {
+  try {
+    return btoa(String.fromCharCode(...new TextEncoder().encode(string ?? "")))
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error("编码失败:", error)
+    return ""
+  }
 }
 
-export function decode(bytes?: string) {
-  const latin = atob(bytes ?? "")
-  return new TextDecoder("utf-8").decode(
-    Uint8Array.from({ length: latin.length }, (_, index) =>
-      latin.charCodeAt(index),
-    ),
-  )
+export function decode(bytes?: string): string {
+  try {
+    if (!bytes) return ""
+    const latin = atob(bytes)
+    return new TextDecoder("utf-8").decode(
+      Uint8Array.from({ length: latin.length }, (_, index) =>
+        latin.charCodeAt(index),
+      ),
+    )
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error("解码失败:", error)
+    return ""
+  }
 }
 
-export function getCSRFToken() {
+export function getCSRFToken(): string {
   if (typeof document === "undefined") {
     return ""
   }
diff --git a/src/utils/permissions.ts b/src/utils/permissions.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0cc2cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/utils/permissions.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+import { useUserStore } from "~/shared/store/user"
+
+/**
+ * 权限检查工具函数
+ */
+export function usePermissions() {
+  const userStore = useUserStore()
+
+  return {
+    // 基本权限检查
+    isAuthenticated: computed(() => userStore.isAuthed),
+    isAdminRole: computed(() => userStore.isAdminRole),
+    isSuperAdmin: computed(() => userStore.isSuperAdmin),
+    hasProblemPermission: computed(() => userStore.hasProblemPermission),
+
+    // 功能权限检查
+    canManageUsers: computed(() => userStore.isSuperAdmin),
+    canManageAnnouncements: computed(() => userStore.isSuperAdmin),
+    canManageComments: computed(() => userStore.isSuperAdmin),
+    canManageTutorials: computed(() => userStore.isSuperAdmin),
+    canManageSystemConfig: computed(() => userStore.isSuperAdmin),
+    canSendMessages: computed(() => userStore.isSuperAdmin),
+
+    canManageProblems: computed(() => userStore.hasProblemPermission),
+    canManageContests: computed(() => userStore.isSuperAdmin),
+
+    // 题目权限细分检查
+    canManageAllProblems: computed(
+      () =>
+        userStore.user?.problem_permission === "All" || userStore.isSuperAdmin,
+    ),
+    canManageOwnProblems: computed(
+      () =>
+        userStore.user?.problem_permission === "Own" && !userStore.isSuperAdmin,
+    ),
+
+    // 获取用户权限级别描述
+    getUserPermissionLevel: computed(() => {
+      if (userStore.isSuperAdmin) return "超级管理员"
+      if (userStore.isAdminRole) return "管理员"
+      return "普通用户"
+    }),
+
+    // 获取题目权限描述
+    getProblemPermissionLevel: computed(() => {
+      if (!userStore.user) return "无权限"
+
+      switch (userStore.user.problem_permission) {
+        case "All":
+          return "管理所有题目"
+        case "Own":
+          return "管理自己的题目"
+        case "None":
+          return "无题目权限"
+        default:
+          return "无权限"
+      }
+    }),
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 路由权限检查
+ */
+export function checkRoutePermission(routeName: string): boolean {
+  const userStore = useUserStore()
+
+  // 需要super admin权限的路由
+  const superAdminRoutes = [
+    "admin home",
+    "admin config",
+    "admin user list",
+    "admin user generate",
+    "admin announcement list",
+    "admin announcement create",
+    "admin announcement edit",
+    "admin comment list",
+    "admin message list",
+    "admin tutorial list",
+    "admin tutorial create",
+    "admin tutorial edit",
+    "admin contest list",
+    "admin contest create",
+    "admin contest edit",
+    "admin contest problem list",
+    "admin contest problem create",
+    "admin contest problem edit",
+  ]
+
+  // 需要题目权限的路由
+  const problemPermissionRoutes = [
+    "admin problem list",
+    "admin problem create",
+    "admin problem edit",
+  ]
+
+  // 需要基本admin权限的路由
+  const adminRoutes: string[] = ["admin problem list"]
+
+  if (superAdminRoutes.includes(routeName)) {
+    return userStore.isSuperAdmin
+  }
+
+  if (problemPermissionRoutes.includes(routeName)) {
+    return userStore.hasProblemPermission
+  }
+
+  if (adminRoutes.includes(routeName)) {
+    return userStore.isAdminRole
+  }
+
+  return true
+}
diff --git a/src/utils/types.ts b/src/utils/types.ts
index fcfac3b..000f9d4 100644
--- a/src/utils/types.ts
+++ b/src/utils/types.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { ContestStatus, ContestType } from "./constants"
+import { ContestStatus, ContestType, USER_TYPE } from "./constants"
 
 export interface Profile {
   id: number
@@ -33,12 +33,14 @@ export interface Profile {
   submission_number: number
 }
 
+export type UserAdminType = "Regular User" | "Admin" | "Super Admin"
+
 export interface User {
   id: number
   username: string
   real_name: string
   email: string
-  admin_type: "Regular User" | "Super Admin" | "Admin"
+  admin_type: UserAdminType
   problem_permission: string
   create_time: Date
   last_login: Date