diff --git a/ast_checker/engines/node_count.py b/ast_checker/engines/node_count.py
index c76e106..68ffa24 100644
--- a/ast_checker/engines/node_count.py
+++ b/ast_checker/engines/node_count.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from .base import BaseEngine
+from ast_checker.labels import label
 
 
 class CountNodeEngine(BaseEngine):
@@ -7,9 +8,9 @@ class CountNodeEngine(BaseEngine):
         min_count = rule.get("min")
         max_count = rule.get("max")
         if min_count is not None and count < min_count:
-            return rule.get("message") or f"{target} 至少出现 {min_count} 次，当前 {count} 次"
+            return rule.get("message") or f"{rule.get('label') or label(target)} 至少出现 {min_count} 次，当前 {count} 次"
         if max_count is not None and count > max_count:
-            return rule.get("message") or f"{target} 至多出现 {max_count} 次，当前 {count} 次"
+            return rule.get("message") or f"{rule.get('label') or label(target)} 至多出现 {max_count} 次，当前 {count} 次"
         return None
 
     def check(self, tree, rule, language, mapping):
@@ -30,4 +31,4 @@ class CountNodeEngine(BaseEngine):
             parts.append(f"至少 {min_count} 次")
         if max_count is not None:
             parts.append(f"至多 {max_count} 次")
-        return f"{target} " + "、".join(parts)
+        return f"{rule.get('label') or label(target)} " + "、".join(parts)
diff --git a/ast_checker/engines/node_exists.py b/ast_checker/engines/node_exists.py
index eca4119..114b449 100644
--- a/ast_checker/engines/node_exists.py
+++ b/ast_checker/engines/node_exists.py
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 from .base import BaseEngine
+from ast_checker.labels import label
 
 
 class MustExistNodeEngine(BaseEngine):
     def _message(self, rule):
-        return rule.get("message") or f"必须使用 {rule['target']}"
+        return rule.get("message") or f"必须使用 {rule.get('label') or label(rule['target'])}"
 
     def check(self, tree, rule, language, mapping):
         node_type = mapping.get(rule["target"], rule["target"])
@@ -17,7 +18,7 @@ class MustExistNodeEngine(BaseEngine):
 
 class MustNotExistNodeEngine(BaseEngine):
     def _message(self, rule):
-        return rule.get("message") or f"不能使用 {rule['target']}"
+        return rule.get("message") or f"不能使用 {rule.get('label') or label(rule['target'])}"
 
     def check(self, tree, rule, language, mapping):
         node_type = mapping.get(rule["target"], rule["target"])
diff --git a/ast_checker/labels.py b/ast_checker/labels.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0733f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ast_checker/labels.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+TARGET_LABELS: dict[str, str] = {
+    "for_loop": "for 循环",
+    "while_loop": "while 循环",
+    "if_statement": "if 条件",
+    "else_clause": "else 子句",
+    "function_definition": "函数定义",
+    "return": "return 语句",
+    "break": "break 语句",
+    "continue": "continue 语句",
+    "list_comprehension": "列表推导式",
+    "list_literal": "列表",
+    "dict_literal": "字典",
+    "set_literal": "集合",
+    "f_string": "f-string",
+    "try_except": "try-except",
+    "class_definition": "类定义",
+}
+
+
+def label(target: str) -> str:
+    return TARGET_LABELS.get(target, target)