中职学生看不懂英文报错。原来提交前用浏览器里的 Skulpt 拦语法错误，只弹一句 「第 N 行存在语法错误」——Skulpt 九成报的是 bad input / bad token，没有列号。 - 提交前的语法检查挪到服务端：/code/format 先用 CPython 编译一遍（只编译不执行）， api 镜像加 python3-minimal（3.13，与判题机同版本，+17MB），前端删掉 Skulpt - 报错按规则表翻成中文（pythonError.ts），生产库 2695 条 Python 编译错误覆盖 99.7%； 提交前拦下的和判题回来的编译错误共用同一张卡片 - 编辑器里标红出错行和 ^ 指的位置 - 中文标点（历史编译错误的 22%）一键换成英文，跳过字符串和注释、处理 f 字符串花括号； 594 条里修好 593 条，经 tokenize 核对没有改到字符串内容；走编辑器事务，可 Ctrl+Z Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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/**
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* 把 Python 的编译错误（`statistic_info.err_info`）翻成中文。
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*
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* 学生是中职生，英文报错等于没有报错。好在句式非常集中：2025 秋以来 2700 条
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* Python 编译错误里，前 12 种句子占 91%、前 16 种占 97%，所以这里是一张规则表，
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* 不是通用翻译。第二名「invalid character」（22%）几乎全是中文标点，另有一键修复，
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* 见 chinesePunctuation.ts。
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*
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* 判题机给的原文有两种形状：
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*
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* File "/judger/run/<随机目录>/solution.py", line 7
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* print("{:.0f}"."{:.2f}".format(x))
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* ^^^^^^^^
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* SyntaxError: invalid syntax
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*
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* Sorry: IndentationError: unexpected indent (solution.py, line 3)
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*
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* 第一种的代码行是 Python 去掉**行首空格**之后再垫 4 个空格打出来的，`^` 的列号
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* 按去掉之后的算（traceback 的 `_format_syntax_error`，3.10 起如此）。
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*/
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export interface PythonErrorExplanation {
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/** 出错的行，1 起 */
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line: number | null
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/** 判题机打出来的那一行代码（去掉了行首空格），用来和编辑器里的对位 */
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sourceLine: string | null
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/** `^` 在 sourceLine 里标的范围，[from, to) */
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caret: { from: number; to: number } | null
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/** 给学生看的中文说明，不含行号 */
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message: string
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/** 报错点名的那个中文标点；有它才出「一键换成英文」 */
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punctuation: string | null
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}
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const WHERE_RE = /^File "[^"]*", line (\d+)/m
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const SHORT_RE = /^Sorry: (\w+Error): (.*) \([^,()]*, line (\d+)\)\s*$/m
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/**
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* 中文空格（U+3000）。写成常量而不是字面量：Oxfmt 会把字符串里的 `\u3000` 转义
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* 还原成原字符，那样源码里就是一个看不见的空白。
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*/
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const IDEOGRAPHIC_SPACE = String.fromCharCode(0x3000)
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/** 中文标点 → 英文。「。」不在表里：它多半是句末多打的，换成「.」照样错，只能删 */
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export const PUNCTUATION_MAP: Record<string, string> = {
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"（": "(",
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"）": ")",
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"，": ",",
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"：": ":",
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"；": ";",
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"【": "[",
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"】": "]",
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"｛": "{",
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"｝": "}",
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"！": "!",
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"？": "?",
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"＝": "=",
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"＋": "+",
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"－": "-",
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"＊": "*",
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"／": "/",
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"＜": "<",
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"＞": ">",
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"“": '"',
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"”": '"',
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"‘": "'",
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"’": "'",
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"＂": '"',
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"×": "*",
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"÷": "/",
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[IDEOGRAPHIC_SPACE]: " ",
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}
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/**
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* 标点的名字。说明里**只说名字、不拿字形对比**：「：」和「:」、「，」和「,」在正文字体里
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* 几乎一样，「把「：」换成「:」」这句话学生看不出区别。「冒号是中文的，要换成英文的」
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* 看得懂，要换哪一个由卡片里那行代码的标红来指。
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*/
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const PUNCTUATION_NAMES: Record<string, string> = {
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"（": "左括号",
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"）": "右括号",
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"，": "逗号",
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"：": "冒号",
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"；": "分号",
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"【": "左方括号",
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"】": "右方括号",
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"｛": "左花括号",
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"｝": "右花括号",
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"！": "感叹号",
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"？": "问号",
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"＝": "等号",
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"＋": "加号",
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"－": "减号",
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"＊": "星号",
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"／": "斜杠",
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"＜": "小于号",
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"＞": "大于号",
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"“": "引号",
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"”": "引号",
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"‘": "单引号",
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"’": "单引号",
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"＂": "引号",
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[IDEOGRAPHIC_SPACE]: "空格",
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}
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type Rule = [RegExp, (match: RegExpMatchArray) => string]
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const RULES: Rule[] = [
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[
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/^invalid character '(.)'/,
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([, char]) => {
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// 数学符号不是「中文的」，是写法不对：代码里乘除用 * 和 /
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if (char === "×") return "这里用了乘号「×」，代码里的乘法要写成星号「*」。"
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if (char === "÷") return "这里用了除号「÷」，代码里的除法要写成斜杠「/」。"
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const name = PUNCTUATION_NAMES[char!]
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if (name) {
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return `这里的${name}是中文输入法打出来的，要换成英文的${name}。写代码的时候先切换到英文输入法。`
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}
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if (char === "。") return "这里多了一个中文句号「。」，代码里不用句号，删掉它。"
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return `这里有一个不能出现在代码里的字符「${char}」，多半是中文输入法打出来的，删掉后用英文输入法重新打。`
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},
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],
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[
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/^invalid non-printable character/,
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() => "这里有一个看不见的特殊字符，多半是从别处复制过来的。把这一行删掉，自己重新打一遍。",
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],
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[
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/^expected ':'/,
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() => "这一行末尾少了英文冒号「:」。if、elif、else、for、while、def 这些行的最后都要有冒号。",
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],
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[
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/^expected an indented block after '(\w+)' statement on line (\d+)/,
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([, keyword, owner]) =>
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`这一行要往里缩进（按一下 Tab 键）：它是第 ${owner} 行那个 ${keyword} 要管的代码。`,
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],
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[
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/^expected an indented block/,
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() => "这一行要往里缩进（按一下 Tab 键）：上一行以冒号结尾，它下面的代码都要缩进。",
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],
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[
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/^unexpected indent/,
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() => "这一行前面多了空格。只有 if、for 这类以冒号结尾的行，它下面的代码才要往里缩进。",
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],
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[
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/^unindent does not match any outer indentation level/,
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() =>
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"这一行前面的空格数和上面对不齐。同一层的代码，前面的空格要一样多，建议统一用 Tab 键缩进。",
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],
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[
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/^inconsistent use of tabs and spaces/,
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() => "这一行的缩进混用了 Tab 键和空格键，统一只用 Tab 键缩进。",
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],
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[
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/^invalid syntax\. Perhaps you forgot a comma\?/,
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() => "这里好像少了逗号。括号里的几样东西之间，要用英文逗号「,」隔开。",
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],
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[
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/Maybe you meant '==' instead of '='|Maybe you meant '==' or ':=' instead of '='|perhaps you meant "=="/,
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() =>
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"判断「是不是相等」要用两个等号「==」。一个等号「=」的意思是「把右边的值存进左边的变量」。",
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],
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[
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/^cannot assign to /,
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() =>
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"等号「=」的左边只能是一个变量名，意思是「把右边算出来的值存进这个变量」。比如要写成 c = a + b，不能写成 a + b = c。",
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],
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[
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/^unterminated (triple-quoted )?(f-)?string literal/,
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() => "这一行的引号没有配对。字符串要用一对英文引号括起来，开头一个、结尾一个。",
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],
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[
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/^'(.)' was never closed/,
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([, open]) => `这里的「${open}」没有配对的另一半。数一数左右括号是不是一样多。`,
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],
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[/^unmatched '(.)'/, ([, close]) => `这里多了一个「${close}」，前面没有和它配对的括号。`],
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[
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/^closing parenthesis '(.)' does not match opening parenthesis '(.)'/,
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([, close, open]) => `括号配错了：「${open}」要用和它配对的括号来关，不能用「${close}」。`,
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],
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[
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/^Missing parentheses in call to '(\w+)'/,
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([, name]) => `${name} 后面要加括号，写成 ${name}(...)。`,
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],
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[
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/^invalid decimal literal/,
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() => "数字后面紧跟着字母了。比如「2a」要写成「2*a」；变量名也不能用数字开头。",
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],
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[
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/^unexpected character after line continuation character/,
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() => "这里的反斜杠「\\」用错了。除法要用「/」，「\\」只能出现在引号里面。",
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],
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[
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/^'(break|continue)' (not properly in|outside) loop/,
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([, keyword]) => `${keyword} 只能写在 for 或 while 循环里面（要缩进在循环的下面）。`,
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],
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[
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/^'return' outside function/,
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() => "return 只能写在 def 定义的函数里面（要缩进在 def 的下面）。",
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],
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[
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/^f-string: (expecting '}'|single '}' is not allowed)/,
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() => "f 字符串里的花括号「{ }」没有配对，每个「{」都要有一个「}」。",
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],
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[
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/^f-string: valid expression required/,
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() => "f 字符串的花括号「{ }」里要写变量名或算式，不能空着。",
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],
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[
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/^leading zeros in decimal integer literals/,
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() => "整数不能用 0 开头，比如「07」要写成「7」。",
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],
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[
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/^invalid syntax/,
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() =>
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"标出来的地方写法不对。对照教程检查这一行：括号、引号、冒号、运算符有没有写错、漏写或多写。",
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],
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]
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function translate(message: string) {
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for (const [pattern, render] of RULES) {
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const match = message.match(pattern)
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if (match) return render(match)
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}
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return null
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}
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/** 翻不出来（判题机自己的报错、没见过的句式）就返回 null，界面照旧显示原文 */
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export function explainPythonCompileError(errInfo: string): PythonErrorExplanation | null {
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const text = errInfo.trim()
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const short = text.match(SHORT_RE)
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if (short) {
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const [, , detail, line] = short
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const message = translate(detail!)
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if (!message) return null
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return {
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line: Number(line),
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sourceLine: null,
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caret: null,
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message,
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punctuation: null,
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}
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}
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const where = text.match(WHERE_RE)
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const lines = text.split("\n")
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const last = lines[lines.length - 1]!
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const detail = last.replace(/^\w+Error: /, "")
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if (detail === last) return null
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const message = translate(detail)
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if (!message) return null
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let sourceLine: string | null = null
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let caret: PythonErrorExplanation["caret"] = null
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if (where) {
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const index = lines.findIndex((line) => WHERE_RE.test(line))
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const code = lines[index + 1]
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const marks = lines[index + 2]
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if (code?.startsWith(" ")) sourceLine = code.slice(4)
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if (sourceLine !== null && marks?.startsWith(" ")) {
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const from = marks.indexOf("^")
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if (from >= 4) caret = { from: from - 4, to: marks.lastIndexOf("^") - 4 + 1 }
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}
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}
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const char = detail.match(/^invalid character '(.)'/)?.[1]
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return {
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line: where ? Number(where[1]) : null,
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sourceLine,
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caret,
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message,
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punctuation: char && PUNCTUATION_MAP[char] ? char : null,
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}
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}
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