diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 0ee9d6f..274dc5b 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -16,3 +16,6 @@ build/
 # 否则 spike 换台机器就跑不起来（曾漏掉三个 tree-sitter 依赖，ast-spike.ts 直接报错）
 docs/spikes/node_modules/
 docs/spikes/endpoints-*.json
+
+# 生产题目样本只用于本地验收，不进入 git
+*.csv
diff --git a/docs/specs/sample-data.sql b/docs/specs/sample-data.sql
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1eead29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/specs/sample-data.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+-- 阶段 1 本地题目样本导入脚本。
+--
+-- /tmp/problems.csv 从生产库 problem 表导出，只取 contest_id IS NULL、按 id
+-- 排序的前 20 道题，避免为本地列表验收额外复制比赛数据。
+-- /tmp/tags.csv 从生产库 problem_tag 表导出。两份 CSV 均不包含用户表数据，
+-- 仅保留在本机并由 .gitignore 排除；devadmin 只是满足外键的本地占位用户。
+
+\set ON_ERROR_STOP on
+
+BEGIN;
+
+INSERT INTO "user" (id, password, username, admin_type, problem_permission, open_api, is_disabled, session_keys, raw_password)
+VALUES (1, 'unusable', 'devadmin', 'Super Admin', 'All', false, false, '[]'::jsonb, 'devonly')
+ON CONFLICT (id) DO NOTHING;
+
+\copy problem_tag FROM '/tmp/tags.csv' WITH CSV HEADER
+\copy problem FROM '/tmp/problems.csv' WITH CSV HEADER
+
+COMMIT;