项目 4 任务 2 网络摄像机：PictureBox、Image / Bitmap、照片列表

- 摄像头：自绘东围墙场景（Camera/scene.svg），按云台位置切成 640×480 帧（build-frames.ts）；
  Pan 每次转一格，红外对射被遮挡时画面出现翻墙的人；类名、委托、事件参数与教材 dll 一致，
  ImageRead 每 250 ms 在后台线程触发
- Image / Bitmap 保存真实图片数据：Save、FromFile、FromStream，文件夹不存在时报 GDI+ 一般性错误；
  图片每张只发给浏览器一次（按内容哈希缓存）
- 程序所在目录（AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory，编译检查单独放行）和当前目录指向可写的 bin/Debug，
  沙箱里在沙箱的临时目录
- PictureBox（SizeMode、BorderStyle）；设计器工具箱加"图片框"；运行区显示程序保存的图片，点开看大图；
  实训台摄像头图标显示开启状态
- 评分规则加图片框显示图片、摄像头开关与转向、保存图片三种检查；示例 p4-t2-网络摄像机
- 测试：摄像头端到端、图片读写与程序目录、AppDomain 编译检查、评分出错情况

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

server/src/board.ts

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ export function defaultBoardState(): BoardState {
     relays: [false, false, false, false, false],
     zigbee: [false, false],
     ledText: '',
+    camera: { on: false, x: 3, y: 1 },
   }
 }
 
@@ -69,11 +70,25 @@ export class Board {
         this.state.zigbee[relay] = on === 1
         return true
       }
+      case 'camera/on':
+        this.state.camera.on = message.data === true
+        return true
+      case 'camera/pan': {
+        const [x, y] = message.data as [number, number]
+        this.state.camera.x = x
+        this.state.camera.y = y
+        return true
+      }
       default:
         return false
     }
   }
 
+  /** 学生程序结束：摄像头不再传画面，云台回到正中（下次运行的程序从正中开始） */
+  programExited() {
+    this.state.camera = { on: false, x: 3, y: 1 }
+  }
+
   reset() {
     this.state = defaultBoardState()
   }

server/src/grading/checks.ts

@@ -28,6 +28,12 @@ export type Expectation =
   | { kind: 'relay'; index: number; on: boolean }
   | { kind: 'zigbee'; index: number; on: boolean }
   | { kind: 'messageBox'; text: string }
+  /** 图片框里显示了图片 */
+  | { kind: 'image'; control: string }
+  /** 摄像头在传画面（on）/ 已关闭（off），或云台比开始时朝某个方向转过 */
+  | { kind: 'camera'; state: 'on' | 'off' | 'up' | 'down' | 'left' | 'right' }
+  /** 程序用 Image.Save 保存了图片，路径包含这段文字（如 Camera/） */
+  | { kind: 'savedImage'; path: string }
   | { kind: 'console'; text: string }
 
 /** 期望默认最多等多久（毫秒）；依赖定时器的检查在规则里写 within */
@@ -59,6 +65,12 @@ function parseExpectation(raw: Record<string, unknown>, where: string): Expectat
   if ('led' in raw) return { kind: 'led', text: str(raw.led, where, ' LED 屏应显示的文字') }
   if ('messageBox' in raw) return { kind: 'messageBox', text: str(raw.messageBox, where, '提示框应包含的文字') }
   if ('console' in raw) return { kind: 'console', text: str(raw.console, where, '控制台应输出的文字') }
+  if ('camera' in raw) {
+    const state = String(raw.camera)
+    if (!['on', 'off', 'up', 'down', 'left', 'right'].includes(state)) throw new Error(`${where}：camera 要写 on、off、up、down、left 或 right`)
+    return { kind: 'camera', state: state as Extract<Expectation, { kind: 'camera' }>['state'] }
+  }
+  if ('savedImage' in raw) return { kind: 'savedImage', path: str(raw.savedImage, where, '保存的图片路径应包含的文字') }
   if ('relay' in raw) return { kind: 'relay', index: Number(raw.relay), on: bool(raw.on, where, 'on') }
   if ('zigbee' in raw) return { kind: 'zigbee', index: Number(raw.zigbee), on: bool(raw.on, where, 'on') }
 
@@ -69,6 +81,7 @@ function parseExpectation(raw: Record<string, unknown>, where: string): Expectat
     return { kind: 'matches', control, pattern: new RegExp(source), source }
   }
   if ('unchanged' in raw) return { kind: 'unchanged', control, ms: duration(raw.unchanged, where) }
+  if ('image' in raw) return { kind: 'image', control }
   for (const [key, prop] of Object.entries(PROP_KEYS)) {
     if (key in raw) return { kind: 'prop', control, prop, value: STRING_PROPS.has(prop) ? String(raw[key]) : bool(raw[key], where, key) }
   }

server/src/grading/driver.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ export class ProgramDriver {
   private readonly nodes = new Map<string, ControlNode>()
   private readonly parents = new Map<string, ControlNode>()
   readonly messageBoxes: { text: string; caption: string }[] = []
+  /** 程序用 Image.Save 保存的图片路径 */
+  readonly savedImages: string[] = []
   readonly exceptions: string[] = []
   console = ''
   exited = false
@@ -106,6 +108,9 @@ export class ProgramDriver {
       case 'device':
         this.board.applyDevice(message)
         break
+      case 'imageSaved':
+        this.savedImages.push(message.path)
+        break
       case 'console':
         this.console += message.text
         break

server/src/grading/grader.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ const START_TIMEOUT = 10_000
 
 const RELAY_NAMES = ['报警灯', '照明灯', '路灯', '插座 1', '插座 2']
 const ZIGBEE_NAMES = ['ZigBee 节点 0', '照明灯 1']
+/** 摄像头云台开始时的位置（见 IPCameraHelper.cs） */
+const CAMERA_START = { x: 3, y: 1 }
+const CAMERA_WORDS = { on: '开启（传送画面）', off: '关闭', up: '向上转', down: '向下转', left: '向左转', right: '向右转' }
 
 // ---------- 并发限制 ----------
 let running = 0
@@ -160,6 +163,14 @@ function satisfied(driver: ProgramDriver, e: Exclude<Expectation, { kind: 'uncha
       return driver.messageBoxes.some((box) => box.text.includes(e.text))
     case 'console':
       return driver.console.includes(e.text)
+    case 'image':
+      return Boolean(props(e.control)?.Image)
+    case 'camera': {
+      const { on, x, y } = driver.board.state.camera
+      return { on, off: !on, up: y < CAMERA_START.y, down: y > CAMERA_START.y, left: x < CAMERA_START.x, right: x > CAMERA_START.x }[e.state]
+    }
+    case 'savedImage':
+      return driver.savedImages.some((path) => path.includes(e.path))
   }
 }
 
@@ -195,5 +206,13 @@ function describeFailure(driver: ProgramDriver, e: Exclude<Expectation, { kind:
     }
     case 'console':
       return `期望${prefix}控制台${desc ?? `输出"${e.text}"`}，实际输出${quote(driver.console.trim())}`
+    case 'image':
+      return `期望${prefix} ${e.control} ${desc ?? '显示图片'}，实际是空的`
+    case 'camera':
+      return `期望${prefix}网络摄像机${desc ?? CAMERA_WORDS[e.state]}，实际${driver.board.state.camera.on ? '开着' : '没有开启'}${e.state === 'on' || e.state === 'off' ? '' : '、云台没有朝这个方向转'}`
+    case 'savedImage': {
+      const saved = driver.savedImages.map((p) => `"${p}"`).join('、')
+      return `期望${prefix}${desc ?? `保存图片到"${e.path}"`}，${saved ? `实际保存的是 ${saved}` : '实际没有保存图片'}`
+    }
   }
 }

server/src/run-session.ts

@@ -108,6 +108,8 @@ export class RunSession {
       clearTimeout(timeout)
       if (this.proc !== proc) return
       this.proc = undefined
+      this.board.programExited()
+      this.sendBoard()
       const cpuMessage = cpuLimitMessage(code, proc.signalCode)
       if (cpuMessage) this.send({ type: 'console', text: cpuMessage })
       this.send({ type: 'exited', code })
@@ -159,6 +161,8 @@ export class RunSession {
     if (!proc) return
     proc.kill()
     await proc.exited
+    this.board.programExited()
+    this.sendBoard()
   }
 
   private async cleanup() {

server/test/grading.test.ts

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ async function prepare(id: string, name: string, edit?: { file: string; from: st
 
 describe('参考答案全部通过', async () => {
   const ids = (await Array.fromAsync(new Bun.Glob('*/checks.yaml').scan({ cwd: SAMPLES }))).map((p) => p.split('/')[0]).sort()
-  test('每个示例都有评分规则', () => expect(ids.length).toBe(12))
+  test('每个示例都有评分规则', () => expect(ids.length).toBe(13))
   for (const id of ids) {
     test(id, async () => {
       const result = await grade(await prepare(id, id), await checksOf(id))
@@ -80,6 +80,14 @@ describe('改坏的代码', () => {
     expect(stop.message).toStartWith('期望 txt_time 不再更新时间（定时器应已停止），实际从')
   }, 60000)
 
+  test('摄像机：忘了绑定画面事件', async () => {
+    const id = 'p4-t2-网络摄像机'
+    const dir = await prepare(id, 'camera', { file: 'Form1.cs', from: 'DeviceCtrlHelper.ipCameraHelper.ImageRead += ipCameraHelper_ImageRead;', to: '' })
+    const result = await grade(dir, await checksOf(id))
+    expect(result.results.map((r) => r.passed)).toEqual([true, false, true, false])
+    expect(result.results[1].message).toBe('期望3 秒内 pictureBox1 显示摄像机拍到的图像，实际是空的')
+  }, 60000)
+
   test('关闭时忘了挂起线程', async () => {
     const id = 'p5-t2-烟雾'
     const dir = await prepare(id, 'thread', { file: 'Form1.cs', from: 'thd.Suspend();//挂起线程', to: '' })

server/test/runner.test.ts

@@ -318,6 +318,41 @@ test('项目4 任务1：红外对射被遮挡时显示"发现入侵"', async ()
   await even('发现入侵')
 }, 30000)
 
+test('项目4 任务2：打开摄像机显示画面，转动后画面变化，有人翻墙时画面变化，拍照保存到 Camera 文件夹', async () => {
+  const { runner, id } = await startSample('p4-t2-网络摄像机')
+  const pictures = () => runner.next('patch', (m) => m.changes.some((c) => c.id === id('pictureBox1') && c.prop === 'Image'), 5000)
+  const imageOf = (patch: Extract<RunnerMessage, { type: 'patch' }>) =>
+    patch.changes.find((c) => c.id === id('pictureBox1') && c.prop === 'Image')!.value as { key: string; width: number; height: number }
+
+  runner.send({ type: 'action', id: id('txt_ip'), action: 'text', value: '192.168.2.50' })
+  const first = pictures()
+  const cameraOn = runner.next('device', (m) => m.device === 'camera' && m.action === 'on' && m.data === true)
+  runner.send({ type: 'action', id: id('btn_open'), action: 'click' })
+  await cameraOn
+  const center = imageOf(await first)
+  expect(center).toMatchObject({ width: 640, height: 480 })
+  // 图片数据先于（或随）属性变化发给浏览器，同一张图只发一次
+  const sent = runner.messages.filter((m) => m.type === 'image' && m.key === center.key)
+  expect(sent.length).toBe(1)
+  expect(sent[0]).toMatchObject({ mime: 'image/jpeg' })
+
+  const up = pictures()
+  const pan = runner.next('device', (m) => m.device === 'camera' && m.action === 'pan')
+  runner.send({ type: 'action', id: id('btn_up'), action: 'click' })
+  expect((await pan).data).toEqual([3, 0])
+  expect(imageOf(await up).key).not.toBe(center.key)
+
+  const intruder = pictures()
+  runner.send({ type: 'board', analog: ANALOG_DEFAULT, digital: [false, false, false, true] })
+  const withIntruder = imageOf(await intruder)
+
+  const saved = runner.next('imageSaved')
+  runner.send({ type: 'action', id: id('btn_camera'), action: 'click' })
+  const photo = await saved
+  expect(photo.path).toMatch(/^Camera\/\d{8}_\d{2} \d{2} \d{2}\.jpg$/)
+  expect(photo.image).toBe(withIntruder.key)
+}, 30000)
+
 test('项目4 任务3：开报警灯——实训台 DO0 动作，窗体上的报警灯亮', async () => {
   const { runner, id } = await startSample('p4-t3-报警灯')
   await openAdam4150(runner, id)
@@ -483,6 +518,32 @@ test('ListBox：点某一项先选中（SelectedIndexChanged）再触发 Click
   expect(output).toBe('changed=1,乙\nclick\ndouble=乙\n')
 }, 30000)
 
+test('图片：程序所在目录可写，Image.Save / FromFile 往返，文件夹不存在时和 GDI+ 一样报一般性错误', async () => {
+  const { runner } = await runMain(
+    'image',
+    `
+        string dir = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory;
+        Console.WriteLine("base=" + dir.EndsWith("/bin/Debug/") + "," + (Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() + "/" == dir));
+        // 1×1 的 PNG
+        byte[] png = Convert.FromBase64String("iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+M9QDwADhgGAWjR9awAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==");
+        Image image = Image.FromStream(new MemoryStream(png));
+        Directory.CreateDirectory(dir + "Pics");
+        image.Save(dir + "Pics/a.png", ImageFormat.Png);
+        Image back = Image.FromFile("Pics/a.png");
+        Console.WriteLine("size=" + back.Width + "x" + back.Height + "," + back.RawFormat);
+        try { image.Save(dir + "NoSuchDir/b.png"); }
+        catch (System.Runtime.InteropServices.ExternalException ex) { Console.WriteLine("error=" + ex.Message); }`,
+    'using System.Drawing;\nusing System.Drawing.Imaging;',
+  )
+  expect((await runner.waitFor('compiled')).diagnostics.filter((d) => d.severity === 'error')).toEqual([])
+  await runner.finished()
+  const output = runner.messages.flatMap((m) => (m.type === 'console' ? [m.text] : [])).join('')
+  expect(output).toContain('base=True,True')
+  expect(output).toContain('size=1x1,Png')
+  expect(output).toContain('error=GDI+ 中发生一般性错误。')
+  expect(runner.messages.filter((m) => m.type === 'imageSaved').map((m) => (m as { path: string }).path)).toEqual(['Pics/a.png'])
+}, 30000)
+
 test.skipIf(config.sandbox === 'none')('沙箱：看不到服务器文件、别的运行目录、环境变量和其他进程，工程目录只读', async () => {
   process.env.SIM_TEST_SECRET = '不该被看到'
   const { runner } = await runMain(
@@ -493,7 +554,8 @@ test.skipIf(config.sandbox === 'none')('沙箱：看不到服务器文件、别
         Console.WriteLine("home=" + Directory.Exists("/home"));
         Console.WriteLine("secret=" + (Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("SIM_TEST_SECRET") ?? "null"));
         Console.WriteLine("procs=" + Directory.GetDirectories("/proc").Count(d => char.IsDigit(Path.GetFileName(d)[0])));
-        try { File.WriteAllText("hack.txt", "x"); Console.WriteLine("write=ok"); } catch (Exception) { Console.WriteLine("write=denied"); }
+        // 工程目录在沙箱里挂在 /sim/app（当前目录是可写的程序目录 bin/Debug，不是工程目录）
+        try { File.WriteAllText("/sim/app/hack.txt", "x"); Console.WriteLine("write=ok"); } catch (Exception) { Console.WriteLine("write=denied"); }
         File.WriteAllText("/tmp/ok.txt", "x");
         Console.WriteLine("tmp=" + File.Exists("/tmp/ok.txt"));`,
   )
@@ -525,7 +587,7 @@ test('内存上限：不停分配内存的程序得到 OutOfMemoryException，
   expect(megabytes).toBeLessThanOrEqual(config.heapLimitMb)
 }, 30000)
 
-test('编译检查：网络、启动程序、反射、dynamic 给出中文报错；AssemblyInfo.cs 里的特性不受影响', async () => {
+test('编译检查：网络、启动程序、反射、dynamic、AppDomain 给出中文报错；AssemblyInfo.cs 里的特性、BaseDirectory 不受影响', async () => {
   const dir = resolve(ROOT, '.runs/test-policy')
   await rm(dir, { recursive: true, force: true })
   await Bun.write(
@@ -541,6 +603,8 @@ static class Program
         var client = new HttpClient();
         typeof(string).GetMethod("Trim", Type.EmptyTypes).Invoke("x", null);
         dynamic d = 1;
+        string path = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + "Camera/";
+        AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies();
     }
 }
 `,
@@ -562,6 +626,7 @@ using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
     [9, '平台不允许使用 System.Net.Http.HttpClient（网络访问）'],
     [10, '平台不允许使用 System.Reflection.MethodBase.Invoke（反射）'],
     [11, '平台不允许使用 dynamic（dynamic 动态调用）'],
+    [13, '平台不允许使用 System.AppDomain.GetAssemblies（加载程序集）'],
   ])
   expect(result.diagnostics.filter((d) => d.file.includes('AssemblyInfo'))).toEqual([])
 }, 30000)