导出 EXE：实验页工具栏"导出 EXE"把学生的程序编译成一个 exe，拷到机房电脑上双击就能控制真的实训台。编译服务照教材工程编译学生写的原始代码（.NET Framework 4.5 引用程序集，构建时只复制教材工程引用的 13 个到 netfx/；真机版设备类库），不做平台的仿真改写和 API 限制，和 VS 里一样。教材 dll（DeviceCtrlLibrary 及 API 下 7 个、WinFormsDeviceControlLibrary、媒体播放器的两个 Interop）作为资源嵌进 exe，模块初始化器注册 AssemblyResolve 从 exe 里加载，Program.cs 不用改；Properties.Resources 的图片、声音嵌进 exe，代码里按文件名用到的素材（项目 7 的 ring.mp3）启动时放到 exe 旁边的 Resources；媒体播放器的 OcxState 用教材 resx 的默认状态；书上的 ledHelper.Close() 在教材类库里没有，补一个空的扩展方法。23 个实验都能导出（约 0.9 MB），mono + Xvfb 里实测能启动、控件和图片正常。接口 POST /api/export-exe，代码有错时 422，实验页弹框列出报错、点击跳到代码。教材 dll 有版权、GitHub 仓库公开，不进仓库：本机放 textbook-libs/，服务器放 ~/IOT_SIM/textbook-libs/ 由 compose 只读挂载（deploy/README.md），没放时提示原因。使用说明、设计方案、README 同步

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

runtime/Sim.Runner/CompileServer.cs

@@ -11,12 +11,14 @@ namespace Sim.Runner;
 /// <summary>
 /// 常驻编译服务：从标准输入读取 {"id":…,"dir":…}，编译该目录下的学生工程，
 /// 成功时把 StudentApp.dll / StudentApp.pdb 写到同一目录，回复 {"id":…,"type":"compiled",…}。
+/// 请求带 "export":{"libs":…,"name":…} 时导出 EXE（见 ExeExporter），写到同一目录的 export.exe。
 /// 编译器常驻，第一次之后的编译不再有加载和预热开销。
 /// </summary>
 internal static class CompileServer
 {
     public const string AssemblyFile = "StudentApp.dll";
     public const string PdbFile = "StudentApp.pdb";
+    public const string ExportFile = "export.exe";
 
     private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions JsonOptions = new() { Encoder = JavaScriptEncoder.UnsafeRelaxedJsonEscaping };
 
@@ -36,7 +38,10 @@ internal static class CompileServer
             {
                 var request = JsonNode.Parse(line)!.AsObject();
                 id = request["id"]?.DeepClone();
-                reply = Compile((string?)request["dir"] ?? throw new ArgumentException("缺少 dir"));
+                var dir = (string?)request["dir"] ?? throw new ArgumentException("缺少 dir");
+                reply = request["export"] is JsonObject export
+                    ? Export(dir, (string?)export["libs"] ?? "", (string?)export["name"] ?? "")
+                    : Compile(dir);
             }
             catch (Exception ex)
             {
@@ -66,6 +71,24 @@ internal static class CompileServer
         };
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 导出 EXE：照教材工程编译成 .NET Framework 程序，嵌入 libs 目录下的教材 dll，成功时写到工程目录的 ExportFile。
+    /// name 是程序集名（exe 的名字），由服务器按工程取好。
+    /// </summary>
+    private static JsonObject Export(string dir, string libs, string name)
+    {
+        var watch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
+        var result = ExeExporter.Export(dir, libs, Sim.Host.ProjectResources.Directory, string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(name) ? "上位机程序" : name);
+        if (result.Success) File.WriteAllBytes(Path.Combine(dir, ExportFile), result.Exe);
+        return new JsonObject
+        {
+            ["type"] = "compiled",
+            ["ok"] = result.Success,
+            ["diagnostics"] = result.Diagnostics,
+            ["ms"] = watch.ElapsedMilliseconds,
+        };
+    }
+
     /// <summary>启动时编译一个小程序，让 Roslyn 完成加载和 JIT，学生第一次点"运行"时就不用等</summary>
     private static void WarmUp()
     {

runtime/Sim.Runner/ExeExporter.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.IO;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Text.Json.Nodes;
+using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
+using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis;
+using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp;
+using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp.Syntax;
+using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Emit;
+using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Text;
+
+namespace Sim.Runner;
+
+/// <summary>
+/// 导出 EXE：把学生工程照教材工程的样子（.NET Framework 4.5 窗体应用，引用真机版设备类库）编译成一个 exe，
+/// 在机房的 Windows 上双击就能运行，控制真的实训台。
+/// <list type="bullet">
+/// <item>编译的是学生写的原始代码：平台为仿真做的改写（虚拟时钟、旧线程 API、Windows 路径）和 API 限制都不用，和在 VS 里编译一样。</item>
+/// <item>教材 dll（设备类库、设备控件库、媒体播放器的 Interop）嵌进 exe，启动时由模块初始化器从 exe 里加载，学生的 Program.cs 不用改。</item>
+/// <item>Properties.Resources 的图片、声音嵌进 exe；代码里按文件名用到的素材（如 Resources\ring.mp3）启动时放到 exe 旁边的 Resources 文件夹，和 VS 输出目录一样。</item>
+/// </list>
+/// </summary>
+internal static class ExeExporter
+{
+    public sealed record Result(bool Success, byte[] Exe, JsonArray Diagnostics);
+
+    private const string LibPrefix = "IotSimExport.lib.";
+    private const string FilePrefix = "IotSimExport.file.";
+    private const string MediaPrefix = "IotSimExport.media.";
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// VS 设计器给媒体播放器存的 OcxState（AxHost.State 的 BinaryFormatter 序列化数据，取自教材项目 7 的 Form1.resx，是控件的默认状态）。
+    /// 平台没有 .resx，导出时给每个 resources.GetObject("…OcxState") 都放这一份。
+    /// </summary>
+    private const string MediaPlayerOcxState =
+        "AAEAAAD/////AQAAAAAAAAAMAgAAAFdTeXN0ZW0uV2luZG93cy5Gb3JtcywgVmVyc2lvbj00LjAuMC4w" +
+        "LCBDdWx0dXJlPW5ldXRyYWwsIFB1YmxpY0tleVRva2VuPWI3N2E1YzU2MTkzNGUwODkFAQAAACFTeXN0" +
+        "ZW0uV2luZG93cy5Gb3Jtcy5BeEhvc3QrU3RhdGUBAAAABERhdGEHAgIAAAAJAwAAAA8DAAAAtwAAAAIB" +
+        "AAAAAQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAKIAAAAAAwAACAAAAAAABQAAAAAAAADwPwMAAAAAAAUAAAAAAAAAAAAIAAIA" +
+        "AAAAAAMAAQAAAAsA//8DAAAAAAALAP//CAACAAAAAAADADIAAAALAAAACAAKAAAAZgB1AGwAbAAAAAsA" +
+        "AAALAAAACwD//wsA//8LAAAACAACAAAAAAAIAAIAAAAAAAgAAgAAAAAACAACAAAAAAALAAAANAYAAOcB" +
+        "AAAL";
+
+    private const string AxHostStateType =
+        "System.Windows.Forms.AxHost+State, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089";
+
+    /// <summary>平台生成的 Properties/Resources.Designer.cs 从素材库取图片，导出时改成从 exe 里取</summary>
+    private const string PlatformResources = "global::Sim.Host.ProjectResources.";
+    private const string EmbeddedResources = "global::IotSimExport.EmbeddedFiles.";
+
+    private static readonly Regex ResourceFile = new(@"ProjectResources\.(?:Image|Bytes)\(""([^""]+)""\)");
+    private static readonly Regex OcxStateKey = new(@"GetObject\(""([^""]+\.OcxState)""\)");
+
+    private static readonly CSharpCompilationOptions Options = new CSharpCompilationOptions(OutputKind.WindowsApplication)
+        .WithPlatform(Platform.AnyCpu32BitPreferred)
+        .WithOptimizationLevel(OptimizationLevel.Release)
+        .WithNullableContextOptions(NullableContextOptions.Disable)
+        .WithAllowUnsafe(false)
+        .WithConcurrentBuild(true);
+
+    /// <summary>.NET Framework 4.5 的引用程序集（构建时复制到 netfx/，见 Sim.Runner.csproj）</summary>
+    private static readonly Lazy<IReadOnlyList<MetadataReference>> Framework = new(() =>
+        Directory.EnumerateFiles(Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, "netfx"), "*.dll")
+            .Select(path => (MetadataReference)MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(path))
+            .ToList());
+
+    /// <summary>libsDir：教材 dll 所在目录；galleryDir：平台素材库</summary>
+    public static Result Export(string projectDir, string libsDir, string galleryDir, string assemblyName)
+    {
+        var libs = Directory.Exists(libsDir) ? Directory.GetFiles(libsDir, "*.dll").OrderBy(p => p, StringComparer.Ordinal).ToArray() : Array.Empty<string>();
+        if (!libs.Any(p => Path.GetFileName(p) == "DeviceCtrlLibrary.dll"))
+            throw new InvalidOperationException("服务器上没有放教材的设备类库（真机版 DeviceCtrlLibrary.dll 等），不能导出 EXE，请联系老师");
+
+        var sources = StudentCompiler.SourceFiles(projectDir)
+            .Select(path => (Path: Path.GetRelativePath(projectDir, path), Text: File.ReadAllText(path)))
+            .ToList();
+
+        // 平台生成的资源类改成从 exe 里取，用到的素材文件嵌进去
+        var files = new SortedSet<string>(StringComparer.Ordinal);
+        for (var i = 0; i < sources.Count; i++)
+        {
+            if (!sources[i].Text.Contains(PlatformResources)) continue;
+            foreach (Match m in ResourceFile.Matches(sources[i].Text)) files.Add(Path.GetFileName(m.Groups[1].Value));
+            sources[i] = (sources[i].Path, sources[i].Text.Replace(PlatformResources, EmbeddedResources));
+        }
+        // 代码里按文件名用到的素材（如 BaseDirectory + "//Resources//ring.mp3"），在 VS 里是复制到输出目录的 Resources 文件夹
+        var media = Directory.Exists(galleryDir)
+            ? Directory.GetFiles(galleryDir)
+                .Select(Path.GetFileName)
+                .OfType<string>()
+                .Where(name => !name.Contains(".2x.") && name != "index.json")
+                .Where(name => sources.Any(s => s.Text.Contains(name + "\"")))
+                .OrderBy(name => name, StringComparer.Ordinal)
+                .ToList()
+            : new List<string>();
+
+        var trees = sources
+            .Select(s => CSharpSyntaxTree.ParseText(SourceText.From(s.Text, Encoding.UTF8), StudentCompiler.ParseOptions, path: s.Path))
+            .Append(CSharpSyntaxTree.ParseText(SourceText.From(Bootstrap(media), Encoding.UTF8), StudentCompiler.ParseOptions, path: "IotSimExport.cs"))
+            .ToList();
+        var references = Framework.Value.Concat(libs.Select(p => (MetadataReference)MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(p))).ToList();
+        var compilation = CSharpCompilation.Create(assemblyName, trees, references, Options);
+
+        var resources = new List<ResourceDescription>();
+        foreach (var lib in libs)
+        {
+            var path = lib;
+            resources.Add(new ResourceDescription(LibPrefix + Path.GetFileName(path), () => File.OpenRead(path), isPublic: false));
+        }
+        foreach (var file in files)
+        {
+            var path = Path.Combine(galleryDir, file);
+            if (File.Exists(path)) resources.Add(new ResourceDescription(FilePrefix + file, () => File.OpenRead(path), isPublic: false));
+        }
+        foreach (var file in media)
+        {
+            var path = Path.Combine(galleryDir, file);
+            resources.Add(new ResourceDescription(MediaPrefix + file, () => File.OpenRead(path), isPublic: false));
+        }
+        resources.AddRange(ControlResources(compilation, sources.SelectMany(s => OcxStateKey.Matches(s.Text).Select(m => m.Groups[1].Value)).ToHashSet()));
+
+        using var pe = new MemoryStream();
+        using var win32 = compilation.CreateDefaultWin32Resources(versionResource: true, noManifest: false, manifestContents: null, iconInIcoFormat: null);
+        var emit = compilation.Emit(pe, win32Resources: win32, manifestResources: resources,
+            options: new EmitOptions(debugInformationFormat: DebugInformationFormat.Embedded));
+
+        var diagnostics = new JsonArray();
+        // 和平台运行时一样按编译器给出的顺序：语法错误在前，真正的出错原因一般是第一条
+        foreach (var diagnostic in emit.Diagnostics.Where(d => d.Severity == DiagnosticSeverity.Error))
+        {
+            diagnostics.Add(StudentCompiler.ToJson(diagnostic));
+        }
+        return new Result(emit.Success, pe.ToArray(), diagnostics);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 每个窗体、控件类的 .resources：VS 生成的 Designer.cs 用 ComponentResourceManager 读窗体的 .resx，
+    /// 平台没有 .resx。媒体播放器的 OcxState 放默认状态，其他取到 null（和运行时一样）。
+    /// </summary>
+    private static List<ResourceDescription> ControlResources(CSharpCompilation compilation, HashSet<string> ocxKeys)
+    {
+        var stream = new MemoryStream();
+        using (var writer = new System.Resources.ResourceWriter(stream))
+        {
+            var state = Convert.FromBase64String(MediaPlayerOcxState);
+            foreach (var key in ocxKeys.OrderBy(k => k, StringComparer.Ordinal)) writer.AddResourceData(key, AxHostStateType, state);
+            writer.Generate();
+        }
+        var data = stream.ToArray();
+
+        var control = compilation.GetTypeByMetadataName("System.Windows.Forms.Control");
+        var resources = new List<ResourceDescription>();
+        if (control == null) return resources;
+        var names = new HashSet<string>();
+        foreach (var tree in compilation.SyntaxTrees)
+        {
+            var model = compilation.GetSemanticModel(tree);
+            foreach (var declaration in tree.GetRoot().DescendantNodes().OfType<ClassDeclarationSyntax>())
+            {
+                if (model.GetDeclaredSymbol(declaration) is not { } type) continue;
+                var derives = false;
+                for (var t = type.BaseType; t != null && !derives; t = t.BaseType) derives = SymbolEqualityComparer.Default.Equals(t, control);
+                var name = type.ToDisplayString(SymbolDisplayFormat.FullyQualifiedFormat).Replace("global::", "") + ".resources";
+                if (derives && names.Add(name)) resources.Add(new ResourceDescription(name, () => new MemoryStream(data), isPublic: true));
+            }
+        }
+        return resources;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 加进 exe 的启动代码：模块初始化器在 Main 之前运行（.NET Framework 也支持），
+    /// 注册 AssemblyResolve，用到教材 dll 时从 exe 里加载；把代码里用到的素材文件放到 exe 旁边。
+    /// </summary>
+    private static string Bootstrap(IReadOnlyList<string> media) => $$"""
+        [assembly: global::System.Runtime.Versioning.TargetFramework(".NETFramework,Version=v4.5", FrameworkDisplayName = ".NET Framework 4.5")]
+
+        namespace System.Runtime.CompilerServices
+        {
+            [global::System.AttributeUsage(global::System.AttributeTargets.Method, Inherited = false)]
+            internal sealed class ModuleInitializerAttribute : global::System.Attribute { }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 书上项目 2 任务 3 调用 DeviceCtrlHelper.ledHelper.Close()，教材的类库里没有这个方法（LED 屏每次发送才用串口，不占着），
+        /// 平台补上了它；导出时也补一个，书上的代码照样能编译。放在全局命名空间，不用 using 就能找到；类库自己有 Close 时用类库的。
+        /// </summary>
+        internal static class IotSimExportLedCompat
+        {
+            internal static void Close(this global::DeviceCtrlLibrary.LEDHelper helper) { }
+        }
+
+        namespace IotSimExport
+        {
+            using System;
+            using System.Collections.Generic;
+            using System.IO;
+            using System.Reflection;
+
+            internal static class Bootstrap
+            {
+                private static readonly Dictionary<string, Assembly> Loaded = new Dictionary<string, Assembly>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
+
+                [global::System.Runtime.CompilerServices.ModuleInitializer]
+                internal static void Init()
+                {
+                    AppDomain.CurrentDomain.AssemblyResolve += Resolve;
+                    ExtractMedia();
+                }
+
+                private static Assembly Resolve(object sender, ResolveEventArgs args)
+                {
+                    var name = new AssemblyName(args.Name).Name;
+                    lock (Loaded)
+                    {
+                        Assembly assembly;
+                        if (Loaded.TryGetValue(name, out assembly)) return assembly;
+                        var bytes = EmbeddedFiles.Read("{{LibPrefix}}" + name + ".dll");
+                        if (bytes == null) return null;
+                        assembly = Assembly.Load(bytes);
+                        Loaded[name] = assembly;
+                        return assembly;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                private static readonly string[] Media = { {{string.Join(", ", media.Select(m => SymbolDisplay.FormatLiteral(m, true)))}} };
+
+                private static void ExtractMedia()
+                {
+                    foreach (var file in Media)
+                    {
+                        try
+                        {
+                            var dir = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "Resources");
+                            var path = Path.Combine(dir, file);
+                            if (File.Exists(path)) continue;
+                            Directory.CreateDirectory(dir);
+                            File.WriteAllBytes(path, EmbeddedFiles.Read("{{MediaPrefix}}" + file));
+                        }
+                        catch (Exception)
+                        {
+                            // 文件夹不能写（如放在只读的 U 盘上）时不影响程序运行，只是用不到这个文件
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            internal static class EmbeddedFiles
+            {
+                internal static byte[] Read(string name)
+                {
+                    using (var stream = typeof(EmbeddedFiles).Assembly.GetManifestResourceStream(name))
+                    {
+                        if (stream == null) return null;
+                        var bytes = new byte[stream.Length];
+                        var read = 0;
+                        while (read < bytes.Length) read += stream.Read(bytes, read, bytes.Length - read);
+                        return bytes;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                internal static global::System.Drawing.Bitmap Image(string file)
+                {
+                    return new global::System.Drawing.Bitmap(new MemoryStream(Bytes(file)));
+                }
+
+                internal static byte[] Bytes(string file)
+                {
+                    return Read("{{FilePrefix}}" + Path.GetFileName(file));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        """;
+}

runtime/Sim.Runner/Sim.Runner.csproj

@@ -14,6 +14,20 @@
     <!-- 语言服务（代码补全、悬停提示）：和 VS 的 IntelliSense 用同一套引擎；只有 language-server 模式会加载 -->
     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp.Features" Version="4.14.0" />
   </ItemGroup>
+  <!-- 导出 EXE：照教材工程（.NET Framework 4.5）编译学生代码，要用 4.5 的引用程序集（只供编译，不含实现）。
+       只复制教材工程引用的那些（VS 窗体应用模板默认的引用加图表控件），放到输出目录的 netfx/ -->
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <PackageDownload Include="Microsoft.NETFramework.ReferenceAssemblies.net45" Version="[1.0.3]" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <Target Name="CopyNetFxReferences" AfterTargets="Build">
+    <PropertyGroup>
+      <NetFxDir>$(NuGetPackageRoot)microsoft.netframework.referenceassemblies.net45/1.0.3/build/.NETFramework/v4.5/</NetFxDir>
+    </PropertyGroup>
+    <ItemGroup>
+      <NetFxReference Include="$(NetFxDir)mscorlib.dll;$(NetFxDir)System.dll;$(NetFxDir)System.Core.dll;$(NetFxDir)System.Data.dll;$(NetFxDir)System.Data.DataSetExtensions.dll;$(NetFxDir)System.Deployment.dll;$(NetFxDir)System.Drawing.dll;$(NetFxDir)System.Net.Http.dll;$(NetFxDir)System.Windows.Forms.dll;$(NetFxDir)System.Windows.Forms.DataVisualization.dll;$(NetFxDir)System.Xml.dll;$(NetFxDir)System.Xml.Linq.dll;$(NetFxDir)Microsoft.CSharp.dll" />
+    </ItemGroup>
+    <Copy SourceFiles="@(NetFxReference)" DestinationFiles="@(NetFxReference->'$(OutDir)netfx/%(RecursiveDir)%(Filename)%(Extension)')" SkipUnchangedFiles="true" />
+  </Target>
   <ItemGroup>
     <ProjectReference Include="../Sim.WinForms/Sim.WinForms.csproj" />
     <ProjectReference Include="../Sim.Devices/Sim.Devices.csproj" />

runtime/Sim.Runner/StudentCompiler.cs

@@ -43,9 +43,7 @@ internal static class StudentCompiler
     public static Result Compile(string projectDir)
     {
         var parseOptions = ParseOptions;
-        var trees = Directory.EnumerateFiles(projectDir, "*.cs", SearchOption.AllDirectories)
-            .Where(path => !IsBuildOutput(projectDir, path))
-            .OrderBy(path => path, StringComparer.Ordinal)
+        var trees = SourceFiles(projectDir)
             .Select(path => CSharpSyntaxTree.ParseText(
                 SourceText.From(File.ReadAllText(path), Encoding.UTF8),
                 parseOptions,
@@ -123,6 +121,12 @@ internal static class StudentCompiler
         return json;
     }
 
+    /// <summary>学生工程里的源文件（不含 bin、obj 下的），按路径排序</summary>
+    internal static IEnumerable<string> SourceFiles(string projectDir) =>
+        Directory.EnumerateFiles(projectDir, "*.cs", SearchOption.AllDirectories)
+            .Where(path => !IsBuildOutput(projectDir, path))
+            .OrderBy(path => path, StringComparer.Ordinal);
+
     private static bool IsBuildOutput(string projectDir, string path)
     {
         var relative = Path.GetRelativePath(projectDir, path).Replace('\\', '/');