diff --git a/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/Control.cs b/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/Control.cs
index 3f1738d..4984262 100644
--- a/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/Control.cs
+++ b/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/Control.cs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace System.Windows.Forms;
 
 /// <summary>
 /// 仿真控件的基类。属性保存在本进程里；控件所在窗体显示后，属性变化以 patch 消息发给浏览器渲染。
-/// Font、BackColor、ForeColor 是"环境属性"：没有显式设置时沿用父控件的值，只把显式设置的值发给浏览器。
+/// Font、BackColor、ForeColor 是"环境属性"：没有显式设置时沿用父控件的值（文本框等的颜色除外，见 OwnBackColor），只把显式设置的值发给浏览器。
 /// </summary>
 public class Control : Component, IWin32Window
 {
@@ -178,24 +178,42 @@ public class Control : Component, IWin32Window
         }
     }
 
+    /// <summary>和 WinForms 一样：父控件（分组框、面板）禁用时子控件也是禁用的，读出 false、不响应操作；浏览器按同样的规则画成灰色</summary>
     public bool Enabled
     {
-        get => _enabled;
+        get => _enabled && (_parent?.Enabled ?? true);
         set
         {
-            if (SetProp(ref _enabled, value, nameof(Enabled))) OnEnabledChanged(EventArgs.Empty);
+            var old = Enabled;
+            SetProp(ref _enabled, value, nameof(Enabled));
+            if (Enabled != old) OnEnabledChanged(EventArgs.Empty);
         }
     }
 
+    /// <summary>
+    /// 没有显式设置时控件自己的颜色；null 表示沿用父控件。文本框、列表框、下拉框、日期选择是白底黑字（SystemColors.Window / WindowText），
+    /// 不沿用父控件：分组框设成白字时，里面的文本框还是黑字。
+    /// </summary>
+    private protected virtual Color? OwnBackColor => null;
+
+    private protected virtual Color? OwnForeColor => null;
+
+    /// <summary>能不能把 BackColor 设成透明（含半透明）：窗体、文本框、列表框、下拉框、日期选择、数据表格不行，和 WinForms 一样报错</summary>
+    private protected virtual bool SupportsTransparentBackColor => true;
+
     public virtual Color BackColor
     {
-        get => !_backColor.IsEmpty ? _backColor : _parent?.BackColor ?? DefaultBackColor;
-        set => SetProp(ref _backColor, value, nameof(BackColor));
+        get => !_backColor.IsEmpty ? _backColor : OwnBackColor ?? _parent?.BackColor ?? DefaultBackColor;
+        set
+        {
+            if (!value.IsEmpty && value.A < 255 && !SupportsTransparentBackColor) throw new ArgumentException("控件不支持透明的背景色。");
+            SetProp(ref _backColor, value, nameof(BackColor));
+        }
     }
 
     public virtual Color ForeColor
     {
-        get => !_foreColor.IsEmpty ? _foreColor : _parent?.ForeColor ?? DefaultForeColor;
+        get => !_foreColor.IsEmpty ? _foreColor : OwnForeColor ?? _parent?.ForeColor ?? DefaultForeColor;
         set => SetProp(ref _foreColor, value, nameof(ForeColor));
     }
 
@@ -302,7 +320,14 @@ public class Control : Component, IWin32Window
     protected virtual void OnMouseLeave(EventArgs e) => MouseLeave?.Invoke(this, e);
     protected virtual void OnTextChanged(EventArgs e) => TextChanged?.Invoke(this, e);
     protected virtual void OnVisibleChanged(EventArgs e) => VisibleChanged?.Invoke(this, e);
-    protected virtual void OnEnabledChanged(EventArgs e) => EnabledChanged?.Invoke(this, e);
+    protected virtual void OnEnabledChanged(EventArgs e)
+    {
+        EnabledChanged?.Invoke(this, e);
+        // 自己没被禁用的子控件实际状态也跟着变，同样触发 EnabledChanged（WinForms 的 OnParentEnabledChanged）
+        for (var i = 0; i < Controls.Count; i++)
+            if (Controls[i]._enabled) Controls[i].OnEnabledChanged(e);
+    }
+
     protected virtual void OnGotFocus(EventArgs e) => GotFocus?.Invoke(this, e);
     protected virtual void OnLostFocus(EventArgs e) => LostFocus?.Invoke(this, e);
     protected virtual void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e) => Paint?.Invoke(this, e);
diff --git a/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/DataGridView.cs b/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/DataGridView.cs
index 0a8662f..5b1249b 100644
--- a/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/DataGridView.cs
+++ b/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/DataGridView.cs
@@ -468,6 +468,8 @@ public class DataGridView : Control, ISupportInitialize
     private bool _initializing;
     private bool _rowsDirty;
 
+    private protected override bool SupportsTransparentBackColor => false;
+
     public DataGridView()
     {
         Columns = new DataGridViewColumnCollection(this);
diff --git a/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/DateTimePicker.cs b/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/DateTimePicker.cs
index 3fb0f49..f4583e3 100644
--- a/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/DateTimePicker.cs
+++ b/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/DateTimePicker.cs
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ public class DateTimePicker : Control
 
     protected override Size DefaultSize => new(200, 21);
 
+    private protected override Color? OwnBackColor => SystemColors.Window;
+    private protected override Color? OwnForeColor => SystemColors.WindowText;
+    private protected override bool SupportsTransparentBackColor => false;
+
     public DateTime Value
     {
         get => _value;
diff --git a/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/Form.cs b/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/Form.cs
index 7c14bb8..a23f9fa 100644
--- a/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/Form.cs
+++ b/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/Form.cs
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ public class Form : ContainerControl
     private bool _modal;
     private DialogResult _dialogResult;
 
+    private protected override bool SupportsTransparentBackColor => false;
+
     public Form()
     {
         base.Visible = false;
diff --git a/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/ListControl.cs b/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/ListControl.cs
index 765bc36..c0b78f6 100644
--- a/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/ListControl.cs
+++ b/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/ListControl.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using System.Collections;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Drawing;
 using System.Linq;
 
 namespace System.Windows.Forms;
@@ -10,6 +11,10 @@ public abstract class ListControl : Control
     /// <summary>选中项的序号。列表项增删时直接调整（和 WinForms 一样不触发 SelectedIndexChanged）</summary>
     private protected int SelectedIndexValue = -1;
 
+    private protected override Color? OwnBackColor => SystemColors.Window;
+    private protected override Color? OwnForeColor => SystemColors.WindowText;
+    private protected override bool SupportsTransparentBackColor => false;
+
     public abstract int SelectedIndex { get; set; }
 
     public string DisplayMember { get; set; } = "";
diff --git a/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/TextBox.cs b/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/TextBox.cs
index 5826fc1..bd6d7c4 100644
--- a/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/TextBox.cs
+++ b/runtime/Sim.WinForms/Forms/TextBox.cs
@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ public abstract class TextBoxBase : Control
     private bool _readOnly;
     private BorderStyle _borderStyle = BorderStyle.Fixed3D;
 
+    private protected override Color? OwnBackColor => _readOnly ? SystemColors.Control : SystemColors.Window;
+    private protected override Color? OwnForeColor => SystemColors.WindowText;
+    private protected override bool SupportsTransparentBackColor => false;
+
     public bool Multiline
     {
         get => _multiline;
diff --git a/server/test/runner.test.ts b/server/test/runner.test.ts
index 77d74d9..6f02c04 100644
--- a/server/test/runner.test.ts
+++ b/server/test/runner.test.ts
@@ -672,6 +672,87 @@ test('虚拟时钟：拨时间、倍速后 DateTime.Now / Today 跟着走，恢
   expect(runner.messages.some((m) => m.type === 'console' && m.text.includes('today=2024-01-16'))).toBe(true)
 }, 30000)
 
+test('颜色：分组框设成白字时，里面的标签沿用白字，文本框、列表框、下拉框还是白底黑字；只发显式设置的颜色', async () => {
+  const { runner } = await runMain(
+    'colors',
+    `
+        var form = new Form();
+        var group = new GroupBox { ForeColor = Color.White, BackColor = Color.Navy };
+        var label = new Label();
+        var text = new TextBox { Name = "text" };
+        var readOnly = new TextBox { ReadOnly = true };
+        var list = new ListBox();
+        var combo = new ComboBox();
+        var red = new TextBox { Name = "red", ForeColor = Color.Red };
+        group.Controls.AddRange(new Control[] { label, text, readOnly, list, combo, red });
+        form.Controls.Add(group);
+        Console.WriteLine(string.Join(",", new Control[] { label, text, list, combo, red }.Select(c => c.ForeColor.Name)));
+        Console.WriteLine(string.Join(",", new Control[] { label, text, readOnly, list, combo }.Select(c => c.BackColor.Name)));
+        Application.Run(form);`,
+    'using System.Drawing;\nusing System.Windows.Forms;',
+  )
+  const { form } = await runner.waitFor('formShown')
+  expect(findByName(form, 'text').props.ForeColor).toBeNull()
+  expect(findByName(form, 'red').props.ForeColor).toBe('#ff0000')
+  const output = runner.messages.flatMap((m) => (m.type === 'console' ? [m.text] : [])).join('')
+  expect(output).toBe('White,WindowText,WindowText,WindowText,Red\nNavy,Window,Control,Window,Window\n')
+}, 30000)
+
+test('禁用：分组框禁用后里面的控件 Enabled 读出 false、触发 EnabledChanged、点击不响应；重新启用后恢复', async () => {
+  const { runner } = await runMain(
+    'enabled',
+    `
+        var form = new Form();
+        var group = new GroupBox { Name = "group" };
+        var button = new Button { Name = "button" };
+        var off = new Button { Enabled = false };
+        group.Controls.Add(button);
+        group.Controls.Add(off);
+        form.Controls.Add(group);
+        button.EnabledChanged += (s, e) => Console.WriteLine("button changed=" + button.Enabled);
+        off.EnabledChanged += (s, e) => Console.WriteLine("off changed");
+        button.Click += (s, e) => Console.WriteLine("click");
+        var toggle = new Button { Name = "toggle" };
+        toggle.Click += (s, e) => { group.Enabled = !group.Enabled; Console.WriteLine("group=" + group.Enabled + " button=" + button.Enabled + " off=" + off.Enabled); };
+        form.Controls.Add(toggle);
+        Application.Run(form);`,
+    'using System.Windows.Forms;',
+  )
+  const { form } = await runner.waitFor('formShown')
+  const click = (name: string) => runner.send({ type: 'action', id: findByName(form, name).id, action: 'click' })
+  click('toggle')
+  await runner.waitFor('console', (m) => m.text.startsWith('group=False'))
+  click('button')
+  click('toggle')
+  await runner.waitFor('console', (m) => m.text.startsWith('group=True'))
+  click('button')
+  await runner.waitFor('console', (m) => m.text === 'click\n')
+  const output = runner.messages.flatMap((m) => (m.type === 'console' ? [m.text] : [])).join('')
+  // 浏览器只收到分组框自己的 Enabled，子控件按父控件画成禁用
+  expect(findByName(form, 'button').props.Enabled).toBe(true)
+  expect(output).toBe(
+    'button changed=False\ngroup=False button=False off=False\nbutton changed=True\ngroup=True button=True off=False\nclick\n',
+  )
+}, 30000)
+
+test('透明背景：文本框、窗体等设透明背景色和 WinForms 一样报错，标签、面板可以', async () => {
+  const { runner } = await runMain(
+    'transparent',
+    `
+        foreach (var control in new Control[] { new TextBox(), new ComboBox(), new ListBox(), new Form(), new Label(), new Panel() })
+        {
+            try { control.BackColor = Color.Transparent; Console.WriteLine(control.GetType().Name + " ok"); }
+            catch (ArgumentException ex) { Console.WriteLine(control.GetType().Name + " " + ex.Message); }
+        }`,
+    'using System.Drawing;\nusing System.Windows.Forms;',
+  )
+  await runner.finished()
+  const output = runner.messages.flatMap((m) => (m.type === 'console' ? [m.text] : [])).join('')
+  expect(output).toBe(
+    'TextBox 控件不支持透明的背景色。\nComboBox 控件不支持透明的背景色。\nListBox 控件不支持透明的背景色。\nForm 控件不支持透明的背景色。\nLabel ok\nPanel ok\n',
+  )
+}, 30000)
+
 test('TrackBar：拖动时先 ValueChanged 再 Scroll，超出范围的值截到两端；代码设超出范围的 Value 报错', async () => {
   const { runner } = await runMain(
     'trackbar',
diff --git a/web/src/designer/PropertyGrid.vue b/web/src/designer/PropertyGrid.vue
index 5865b1f..be06b8d 100644
--- a/web/src/designer/PropertyGrid.vue
+++ b/web/src/designer/PropertyGrid.vue
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 <script setup lang="ts">
 // 属性窗口和事件窗口（仿 VS）：显示选中控件的常用属性；改动立即写回 Designer.cs。
 import { computed, ref, watch } from 'vue'
-import { type ControlDef, FORM_DEF, type PropDef, controlDef } from './catalog'
+import { type ControlDef, FORM_DEF, NO_TRANSPARENT_BACK_COLOR, type PropDef, controlDef } from './catalog'
 import { type ChartModel, readChart } from './chart'
 import ChartDialog from './ChartDialog.vue'
 import type { DesignerDocument } from './document'
@@ -47,6 +47,13 @@ function current(prop: PropDef): Value | undefined {
   return text === undefined ? prop.default : parseValue(text)
 }
 
+/** 颜色下拉框的选项：文本框等的背景色没有"透明"（已经设成透明的旧窗体照样显示出来） */
+function colorChoices(prop: PropDef) {
+  const names = Object.keys(NAMED_COLORS)
+  if (prop.name !== 'BackColor' || !NO_TRANSPARENT_BACK_COLOR.has(typeName.value) || color(prop)?.name === 'Transparent') return names
+  return names.filter((name) => name !== 'Transparent')
+}
+
 /** 设成默认值时删除这条属性语句（VS 不写默认值） */
 function set(prop: PropDef, value: Value) {
   const isDefault = prop.default && JSON.stringify(prop.default) === JSON.stringify(value)
@@ -289,7 +296,7 @@ function renameHandler(event: string, value: string) {
             <i class="swatch" :style="{ background: color(prop)?.css ?? 'transparent' }" />
             <select :value="color(prop)?.name ?? (color(prop) ? 'custom' : '')" @change="setColor(prop, ($event.target as HTMLSelectElement).value)">
               <option value="">（默认）</option>
-              <option v-for="(_, name) in NAMED_COLORS" :key="name" :value="name" :title="name">{{ COLOR_LABELS[name] ?? name }}</option>
+              <option v-for="name in colorChoices(prop)" :key="name" :value="name" :title="name">{{ COLOR_LABELS[name] ?? name }}</option>
               <option v-if="color(prop) && !color(prop)!.name" value="custom" disabled>{{ color(prop)!.css }}</option>
             </select>
             <input
diff --git a/web/src/designer/catalog.ts b/web/src/designer/catalog.ts
index 8da35d7..3845144 100644
--- a/web/src/designer/catalog.ts
+++ b/web/src/designer/catalog.ts
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@ export interface PropDef {
   category: '外观' | '行为' | '布局' | '数据'
 }
 
+/** BackColor 不能选透明的控件（WinForms 里设透明会报"控件不支持透明的背景色"，VS 的属性窗口也不让选） */
+export const NO_TRANSPARENT_BACK_COLOR = new Set(['Form', 'TextBox', 'ComboBox', 'ListBox', 'DateTimePicker', 'DataGridView'])
+
 export interface EventDef {
   /** WinForms 的事件名，事件处理方法的名字也用它（如 button1_Click） */
   name: string
diff --git a/web/src/designer/preview.ts b/web/src/designer/preview.ts
index a4f68ae..efa4c05 100644
--- a/web/src/designer/preview.ts
+++ b/web/src/designer/preview.ts
@@ -75,8 +75,9 @@ export function previewTree(doc: DesignerDocument): ControlNode {
   const build = (name: string): ControlNode => {
     const type = types.get(name)!
     const props: Record<string, unknown> = { ...DEVICE_DEFAULTS[type], ...propsOf(doc, name) }
-    // 设计时即使 Visible = false 也显示出来（和 VS 一样），方便选中和编辑
+    // 设计时即使 Visible = false 也显示出来、Enabled = false 也不画成灰色（和 VS 一样，运行后才生效），方便选中和编辑
     props.Visible = true
+    props.Enabled = true
     if (type === 'System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox' || type === 'System.Windows.Forms.ListBox')
       props.Items = getItems(doc, name).map((item) => {
         const v = parseValue(item)
diff --git a/web/src/winforms/ControlView.vue b/web/src/winforms/ControlView.vue
index a354ef7..4b516f0 100644
--- a/web/src/winforms/ControlView.vue
+++ b/web/src/winforms/ControlView.vue
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 // 用户操作只通过 act() 上报，由运行器按真实 WinForms 的顺序触发事件。
 import { computed, inject, onBeforeUnmount, provide, ref, watch, type CSSProperties } from 'vue'
 import type { ControlNode, UserAction } from '@iot/shared'
-import { AMBIENT_BACK_COLOR, AMBIENT_BACK_TYPES, boxCss, DEFAULT_BACK_COLOR, displayText } from './format'
+import { AMBIENT_BACK_COLOR, AMBIENT_BACK_TYPES, boxCss, contentAlignCss, DEFAULT_BACK_COLOR, displayText, PARENT_ENABLED } from './format'
 import { backgroundCss, imageSources, RUN_IMAGES, srcset, type ImageValue } from './images'
 import ChartControl from './ChartControl.vue'
 import DataGridViewControl from './DataGridViewControl.vue'
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@ const props = defineProps<{
 const p = computed(() => props.node.props)
 // WinForms 中先加入 Controls 的控件在最上层，所以倒序渲染（后渲染的 DOM 元素在上面）
 const childrenTopLast = computed(() => [...props.node.children].reverse())
-const enabled = computed(() => p.value.Enabled !== false)
+const parentEnabled = inject(PARENT_ENABLED, ref(true))
+/** 实际是否可用：自己和所有父控件都可用（和 WinForms 一样，运行器也按这个规则忽略禁用控件上的操作） */
+const enabled = computed(() => p.value.Enabled !== false && parentEnabled.value)
+provide(PARENT_ENABLED, enabled)
 const runImages = inject(RUN_IMAGES, new Map<string, string>())
 const ambient = inject(AMBIENT_BACK_COLOR, ref(DEFAULT_BACK_COLOR))
 /** 这个控件实际的背景色，子控件没设置背景色时沿用 */
@@ -65,12 +68,16 @@ function openDropDown() {
   const el = combo.value
   if (!el) return
   const rect = el.getBoundingClientRect()
+  // 列表挂在页面最外层，字体、颜色从下拉框本身取（和 WinForms 一样跟着下拉框的 Font、ForeColor、BackColor）
+  const css = getComputedStyle(el)
   listStyle.value = {
     left: `${rect.left}px`,
     top: `${rect.bottom}px`,
     width: `${el.offsetWidth}px`,
     transform: `scale(${rect.width / el.offsetWidth || 1})`,
-    font: getComputedStyle(el).font,
+    font: css.font,
+    color: css.color,
+    backgroundColor: css.backgroundColor,
   }
   // 先触发 Click（教材在 Click 里填充串口列表），列表随后按最新的 Items 显示
   act({ action: 'dropDown' })
@@ -131,8 +138,8 @@ const itemHeight = computed(() => `${(p.value.ItemHeight as number | undefined)
   <div
     v-else-if="node.type === 'Label'"
     class="wf-control wf-label"
-    :class="{ 'wf-autosize': p.AutoSize === true, 'wf-disabled': !enabled }"
-    :style="style"
+    :class="[`wf-border-${p.BorderStyle ?? 'None'}`, { 'wf-autosize': p.AutoSize === true, 'wf-disabled': !enabled }]"
+    :style="[style, p.AutoSize === true ? {} : contentAlignCss(p.TextAlign)]"
     @click="act({ action: 'click' })"
   >
     {{ displayText(p.Text) }}
@@ -142,6 +149,7 @@ const itemHeight = computed(() => `${(p.value.ItemHeight as number | undefined)
   <div v-else-if="node.type === 'TextBox'" class="wf-control wf-textbox" :style="style">
     <textarea
       v-if="p.Multiline"
+      :class="`wf-scrollbars-${p.ScrollBars ?? 'None'}`"
       :value="String(p.Text ?? '')"
       :readonly="p.ReadOnly === true"
       :disabled="!enabled"
@@ -232,7 +240,11 @@ const itemHeight = computed(() => `${(p.value.ItemHeight as number | undefined)
     :style="style"
     @click="act({ action: 'click' })"
   >
-    <span :class="node.type === 'CheckBox' ? 'wf-checkbox-box' : 'wf-radio-dot'" :data-checked="p.Checked === true" />
+    <span
+      :class="node.type === 'CheckBox' ? 'wf-checkbox-box' : 'wf-radio-dot'"
+      :data-checked="p.Checked === true && p.CheckState !== 'Indeterminate'"
+      :data-indeterminate="p.CheckState === 'Indeterminate'"
+    />
     <span class="wf-check-text">{{ displayText(p.Text) }}</span>
   </div>
 
@@ -245,7 +257,7 @@ const itemHeight = computed(() => `${(p.value.ItemHeight as number | undefined)
   </div>
 
   <!-- GroupBox -->
-  <div v-else-if="node.type === 'GroupBox'" class="wf-control wf-groupbox" :style="style">
+  <div v-else-if="node.type === 'GroupBox'" class="wf-control wf-groupbox" :class="{ 'wf-disabled': !enabled }" :style="style">
     <!-- 标题处的边框断开、透出底下的背景（教材项目 8 的分组框放在背景图上，白色标题） -->
     <fieldset class="wf-groupbox-frame">
       <legend v-if="p.Text" class="wf-groupbox-caption">{{ displayText(p.Text) }}</legend>
diff --git a/web/src/winforms/FormWindow.vue b/web/src/winforms/FormWindow.vue
index af776c1..eb0324c 100644
--- a/web/src/winforms/FormWindow.vue
+++ b/web/src/winforms/FormWindow.vue
@@ -69,9 +69,12 @@ function close() {
   >
     <div v-if="!borderless" class="wf-titlebar" @pointerdown="startDrag" @pointermove="drag" @pointerup="dragStart = undefined">
       <span class="wf-title">{{ displayText(p.Text) }}</span>
-      <span v-if="p.MinimizeBox !== false" class="wf-titlebar-button">─</span>
-      <span v-if="p.MaximizeBox !== false" class="wf-titlebar-button">☐</span>
-      <span class="wf-titlebar-button wf-titlebar-close" @pointerdown.stop @click="close">✕</span>
+      <!-- ControlBox = false 时标题栏右边的三个按钮都不显示（和 WinForms 一样） -->
+      <template v-if="p.ControlBox !== false">
+        <span v-if="p.MinimizeBox !== false" class="wf-titlebar-button">─</span>
+        <span v-if="p.MaximizeBox !== false" class="wf-titlebar-button">☐</span>
+        <span class="wf-titlebar-button wf-titlebar-close" @pointerdown.stop @click="close">✕</span>
+      </template>
     </div>
     <div
       class="wf-client"
diff --git a/web/src/winforms/format.test.ts b/web/src/winforms/format.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9017775
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/winforms/format.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import { describe, expect, test } from 'bun:test'
+import { contentAlignCss } from './format'
+
+describe('Label 的 TextAlign', () => {
+  test('默认左上不加样式，其他位置用 flex 对齐', () => {
+    expect(contentAlignCss('TopLeft')).toEqual({})
+    expect(contentAlignCss(undefined)).toEqual({})
+    expect(contentAlignCss('MiddleCenter')).toEqual({ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', justifyContent: 'center', textAlign: 'center' })
+    expect(contentAlignCss('BottomRight')).toEqual({ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'flex-end', justifyContent: 'flex-end', textAlign: 'right' })
+  })
+})
diff --git a/web/src/winforms/format.ts b/web/src/winforms/format.ts
index 74a3c19..94076c8 100644
--- a/web/src/winforms/format.ts
+++ b/web/src/winforms/format.ts
@@ -53,6 +53,18 @@ export function fontCss(font: FontValue | null | undefined): CSSProperties {
 export const AMBIENT_BACK_COLOR: InjectionKey<Readonly<Ref<string>>> = Symbol('ambientBackColor')
 export const DEFAULT_BACK_COLOR = '#f0f0f0'
 
+/** 父控件实际是否可用：分组框、面板禁用时里面的控件也是禁用的（变灰、不响应操作），和 WinForms 一样 */
+export const PARENT_ENABLED: InjectionKey<Readonly<Ref<boolean>>> = Symbol('parentEnabled')
+
+/** Label 的 TextAlign（ContentAlignment，如 MiddleCenter）对应的 CSS：AutoSize 为 false 时文字在控件里的位置 */
+export function contentAlignCss(align: unknown): CSSProperties {
+  const match = /^(Top|Middle|Bottom)(Left|Center|Right)$/.exec(String(align ?? ''))
+  if (!match || align === 'TopLeft') return {}
+  const flex = { Top: 'flex-start', Middle: 'center', Bottom: 'flex-end', Left: 'flex-start', Center: 'center', Right: 'flex-end' } as const
+  const [, vertical, horizontal] = match as unknown as [string, keyof typeof flex, keyof typeof flex]
+  return { display: 'flex', alignItems: flex[vertical], justifyContent: flex[horizontal], textAlign: horizontal.toLowerCase() as 'left' | 'center' | 'right' }
+}
+
 /** 背景色沿用父控件的控件（按钮、文本框等有自己的默认底色） */
 export const AMBIENT_BACK_TYPES = new Set(['Label', 'Panel', 'GroupBox', 'CheckBox', 'RadioButton', 'PictureBox', 'TrackBar'])
 
diff --git a/web/src/winforms/winforms.css b/web/src/winforms/winforms.css
index 008e5cc..0db59aa 100644
--- a/web/src/winforms/winforms.css
+++ b/web/src/winforms/winforms.css
@@ -74,9 +74,22 @@
   border-color: #005499;
 }
 
+/*
+ * 文本框、下拉框、列表框、日期选择的文字默认是黑色（SystemColors.WindowText），不沿用父控件的 ForeColor：
+ * 教材里分组框设成白字时，里面白底的文本框还是黑字。控件自己设了 ForeColor 时写在 style 上，优先于这里。
+ * 数据表格不在这里：它的单元格文字和 WinForms 一样跟着 ForeColor 走（没设置时沿用父控件）。
+ */
+.wf-textbox,
+.wf-combobox,
+.wf-listbox,
+.wf-dtp {
+  color: #000;
+}
+
+/* 禁用的控件不管设了什么 ForeColor 都画成灰字（WinForms 画禁用文字用系统灰色），所以要压过 style 上的颜色 */
 .wf-button:disabled,
 .wf-disabled {
-  color: #a0a0a0;
+  color: #a0a0a0 !important;
 }
 
 .wf-label {
@@ -84,6 +97,16 @@
   overflow: hidden;
 }
 
+/* Label 的 BorderStyle：单线是黑色细边框，立体是凹下去的边框 */
+.wf-label.wf-border-FixedSingle {
+  border: 1px solid #000;
+}
+
+.wf-label.wf-border-Fixed3D {
+  border: 1px solid;
+  border-color: #a0a0a0 #fff #fff #a0a0a0;
+}
+
 .wf-textbox input,
 .wf-textbox textarea,
 .wf-combobox input {
@@ -105,8 +128,9 @@
   border-color: #0078d7;
 }
 
-/* 文本框的背景色画在外层（控件的 BackColor 写在外层的 style 上），输入框本身透明 */
-.wf-textbox {
+/* 文本框、下拉框的背景色画在外层（控件的 BackColor 写在外层的 style 上），输入框本身透明 */
+.wf-textbox,
+.wf-combobox {
   background: #fff;
 }
 
@@ -114,8 +138,28 @@
   background: #f0f0f0;
 }
 
+/* 禁用时和 WinForms 一样灰字（设了 ForeColor 也是灰字）；没设背景色时是灰底 */
+.wf-textbox:has(> :disabled),
+.wf-combobox:has(> :disabled) {
+  background: #f0f0f0;
+  color: #6d6d6d !important;
+}
+
+/* 多行文本框的滚动条和 WinForms 一样由 ScrollBars 决定：默认没有，Vertical / Both 一直显示竖直滚动条（自动换行时没有水平滚动条） */
+.wf-textbox textarea.wf-scrollbars-None,
+.wf-textbox textarea.wf-scrollbars-Horizontal {
+  overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+.wf-textbox textarea.wf-scrollbars-Vertical,
+.wf-textbox textarea.wf-scrollbars-Both {
+  overflow-x: hidden;
+  overflow-y: scroll;
+}
+
 .wf-textbox input,
-.wf-textbox textarea {
+.wf-textbox textarea,
+.wf-combobox input {
   background: transparent;
 }
 
@@ -133,10 +177,9 @@
   align-items: center;
   justify-content: center;
   font-size: 10px;
-  background: #fff;
 }
 
-/* 挂在 body 下，位置、宽度、缩放和字体由 ControlView.vue 按下拉框算好 */
+/* 挂在 body 下，位置、宽度、缩放、字体和颜色由 ControlView.vue 按下拉框算好 */
 .wf-combobox-list {
   position: fixed;
   z-index: 2000;
@@ -464,6 +507,12 @@
   color: #333;
 }
 
+/* 不确定状态（CheckState.Indeterminate）：框里一个实心小方块 */
+.wf-checkbox-box[data-indeterminate='true'] {
+  background: #333;
+  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 2px #fff;
+}
+
 .wf-radio-dot[data-checked='true'] {
   background: radial-gradient(circle, #333 0 3px, #fff 3.5px);
 }