实训台接线：串口要选对。接线做成数据（BoardState.wiring），默认按教材布局图 COM2 ADAM-4017+、COM3 ADAM-4150、COM4 ZigBee 协调器、COM5 LED 屏，实验可在 meta.json 的 wiring 里改：项目 7 的书上代码在一个串口上打开两个模块，这三个实验把 4150 并到 COM2 的 485 总线上。选错串口时返回值照反编译的真机版 dll（4017 全 null、4150 全 false，4150 的 OnOff 和 LED 推送返回成功但设备不动作，ZigBee 返回 false）；串口没打开时照教材仿真版。Open / Close / 没打开就读写报告给服务器，实训台最上方用红字提示（"程序在 COM2 上打开 ADAM-4150，它接在 COM3""ADAM-4150 的串口没有打开，程序却在读写它"），评分不通过时也附上。只读接线展示：鼠标移到实训台设备上，标题栏写出线路，对应通道、模块、串口高亮；串口服务器按接线列出设备，程序打开的口亮绿点；程序里串口下拉框的灰字按当前接线。打开实验时浏览器发 experiment 消息换接线，老师看学生提交时按作业的实验接线（提交接口返回 sampleId）。"4017"统一写成 ADAM-4017+

上课前逐个检查 23 个实验后的修改：补上三处评分漏洞（项目 3 任务 1、项目 4 任务 3 的关闭和项目 7 任务 2 的熄灯，程序什么都不做也能通过）；评分说明的空格；任务说明按实测补充（项目 2 任务 1–3、项目 3 任务 2、项目 4 任务 2、项目 7 任务 1–3、项目 8 任务 5）。使用说明、设计方案同步，设计方案记下以后可能扩展"物联网设备安装与调试"课

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

server/src/board.ts

@@ -4,9 +4,13 @@ import {
   ANALOG_INFO,
   type BoardState,
   type ClientMessage,
+  DEFAULT_WIRING,
   DIGITAL_CHANNELS,
+  PORT_DEVICES,
+  type PortDevice,
   type RunnerInput,
   type RunnerMessage,
+  type Wiring,
 } from '@iot/shared'
 import { config } from './config'
 
@@ -19,9 +23,16 @@ export function defaultBoardState(): BoardState {
     ledText: '',
     camera: { on: false, x: 3, y: 1 },
     clock: null,
+    wiring: { ...DEFAULT_WIRING },
+    opened: closedPorts(),
+    usedUnopened: [],
   }
 }
 
+function closedPorts(): BoardState['opened'] {
+  return { adam4017: null, adam4150: null, zigbee: null, led: null }
+}
+
 /** 一个浏览器会话的虚拟实训台。多次运行之间保留状态，和真实实训台断电前继电器保持原状一样 */
 export class Board {
   state = defaultBoardState()
@@ -33,9 +44,17 @@ export class Board {
       analog: ANALOG_CHANNELS.map((key) => this.state.analog[key]),
       digital: DIGITAL_CHANNELS.map((key) => this.state.digital[key]),
       clock: this.state.clock,
+      wiring: this.state.wiring,
     }
   }
 
+  /** 换成某个实验的接线；返回 true 表示有变化 */
+  setWiring(wiring: Wiring) {
+    if (PORT_DEVICES.every((device) => this.state.wiring[device] === wiring[device])) return false
+    this.state.wiring = { ...wiring }
+    return true
+  }
+
   /** 浏览器调节环境；返回 true 表示传感器读数有变化 */
   applyInput(message: Extract<ClientMessage, { type: 'boardInput' }>) {
     let changed = false
@@ -81,6 +100,17 @@ export class Board {
 
   /** 学生程序控制了输出设备；返回 true 表示实训台状态有变化 */
   applyDevice(message: Extract<RunnerMessage, { type: 'device' }>) {
+    const device = message.device as PortDevice
+    if (PORT_DEVICES.includes(device) && (message.action === 'open' || message.action === 'close')) {
+      this.state.opened[device] = message.action === 'open' ? String(message.data ?? '') : null
+      if (message.action === 'open') this.state.usedUnopened = this.state.usedUnopened.filter((d) => d !== device)
+      return true
+    }
+    if (PORT_DEVICES.includes(device) && message.action === 'unopened') {
+      if (this.state.usedUnopened.includes(device)) return false
+      this.state.usedUnopened = [...this.state.usedUnopened, device]
+      return true
+    }
     switch (`${message.device}/${message.action}`) {
       case 'led/text':
         this.state.ledText = String(message.data ?? '')
@@ -111,13 +141,16 @@ export class Board {
     }
   }
 
-  /** 学生程序结束：摄像头不再传画面，云台回到正中（下次运行的程序从正中开始） */
+  /** 学生程序结束：摄像头不再传画面，云台回到正中（下次运行的程序从正中开始）；打开的串口随程序关闭 */
   programExited() {
     this.state.camera = { on: false, x: 3, y: 1 }
+    this.state.opened = closedPorts()
+    this.state.usedUnopened = []
   }
 
+  /** 复位不改接线（接线跟着实验走），也不动正在运行的程序打开的串口 */
   reset() {
-    this.state = defaultBoardState()
+    this.state = { ...defaultBoardState(), wiring: this.state.wiring, opened: this.state.opened, usedUnopened: this.state.usedUnopened }
   }
 }
 

server/src/grading/grader.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 // 自动评分：编译一次学生工程，每个检查项各启动一次程序，按步骤操作并核对结果。
 // 检查大部分时间在等定时器，CPU 主要花在编译和启动程序上；全站同时跑 config.gradeConcurrency 个检查，其余排队。
-import type { CheckResult, ControlNode, GradeResult } from '@iot/shared'
+import { describePortProblem, portProblems, type CheckResult, type ControlNode, type GradeResult } from '@iot/shared'
 import { rm } from 'node:fs/promises'
 import { dirname } from 'node:path'
 import { config } from '../config'
 import { compileService } from '../compile-service'
 import { gradingDatabaseDir } from '../databases'
+import { sampleWiring } from '../samples'
 import type { Check, Expectation, Step } from './checks'
 import { ProgramDriver } from './driver'
 
@@ -56,6 +57,7 @@ class Failure extends Error {}
 
 async function runCheck(dir: string, check: Check, sampleId?: string): Promise<CheckResult> {
   const driver = new ProgramDriver()
+  driver.board.setWiring(await sampleWiring(sampleId))
   const dbDir = sampleId ? await gradingDatabaseDir(sampleId) : undefined
   try {
     driver.start(dir, dbDir)
@@ -237,7 +239,7 @@ async function expectStep(driver: ProgramDriver, step: Extract<Step, { kind: 'ex
     key = found
   }
   const ok = await driver.waitFor(() => satisfied(driver, e, key), within)
-  if (!ok) throw new Failure(describeFailure(driver, e, step.desc, wait))
+  if (!ok) throw new Failure(describeFailure(driver, e, step.desc, wait) + portNote(driver))
 }
 
 /** 列表框的 Text 只是选中的那一项，检查"包含"时看所有列表项 */
@@ -303,8 +305,15 @@ function chartSeries(node: ControlNode | undefined): { name: string; points: unk
   return (node?.props.Chart as { series?: { name: string; points: unknown[] }[] } | undefined)?.series ?? []
 }
 
+/** 串口打开错了或没打开时，设备没反应的原因多半在这里，附在不通过的说明后面 */
+function portNote(driver: ProgramDriver) {
+  const problems = portProblems(driver.board.state)
+  return problems.length ? `。注意：${problems.map(describePortProblem).join('；')}` : ''
+}
+
 function describeFailure(driver: ProgramDriver, e: Exclude<Expectation, { kind: 'unchanged' }>, desc: string | undefined, wait: string): string {
-  const prefix = wait ? `${wait}` : ''
+  // "期望 6 秒内……"：数字前空一格
+  const prefix = wait ? ` ${wait}` : ''
   const onOff = (on: boolean) => (on ? '打开' : '关闭')
   switch (e.kind) {
     case 'prop': {
@@ -333,7 +342,7 @@ function describeFailure(driver: ProgramDriver, e: Exclude<Expectation, { kind:
     case 'relay':
       return `期望${prefix}实训台的${RELAY_NAMES[e.index] ?? `DO${e.index}`}（ADAM-4150 DO${e.index}）${desc ?? onOff(e.on)}，实际是${onOff(driver.board.state.relays[e.index])}的`
     case 'zigbee':
-      return `期望${prefix}实训台的${ZIGBEE_NAMES[e.index] ?? `ZigBee 继电器 ${e.index}`}${desc ?? onOff(e.on)}，实际是${onOff(driver.board.state.zigbee[e.index])}的`
+      return `期望${prefix}实训台的${ZIGBEE_NAMES[e.index] ?? `ZigBee 继电器 ${e.index}`} ${desc ?? onOff(e.on)}，实际是${onOff(driver.board.state.zigbee[e.index])}的`
     case 'messageBox': {
       const shown = driver.messageBoxes.map((b) => `"${b.text}"`).join('、')
       return `期望${prefix}弹出${desc ?? `包含"${e.text}"的提示框`}，${shown ? `实际弹出的是 ${shown}` : '实际没有弹出提示框'}`

server/src/index.ts

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { config } from './config'
 import { openDatabase } from './db'
 import { createGradingQueue } from './grading/queue'
 import { restoreExperimentDatabases, userDatabaseDir } from './databases'
-import { listSamples } from './samples'
+import { knownSample, sampleWiring } from './samples'
 import { cleanupStaleRuns, RunSession } from './run-session'
 import { sqlService } from './sql-service'
 import { checkSandbox, sandboxError } from './sandbox'
@@ -78,15 +78,18 @@ const server = Bun.serve({
       if (!session) return
       if (message.type === 'run') {
         try {
-          const { sampleId } = message
-          if (typeof sampleId === 'string' && (await listSamples()).some((s) => s.id === sampleId)) {
+          const sampleId = await knownSample(message.sampleId)
+          if (sampleId) {
             // 建库失败不影响运行（程序连不上库时会报出来）
             await restoreExperimentDatabases(ws.data.userId!, sampleId, true).catch((error) => console.error('自动建实验数据库失败', error))
           }
+          session.setWiring(await sampleWiring(sampleId))
           await session.start(message.files)
         } catch (error) {
           ws.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'serverError', message: String(error) } satisfies ServerMessage))
         }
+      } else if (message.type === 'experiment') {
+        session.setWiring(await sampleWiring(await knownSample(message.sampleId)))
       } else if (message.type === 'stop') {
         await session.stop()
       } else if (message.type === 'boardInput') {

server/src/reviews.ts

@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ export function studentDetail(db: Database, assignmentId: number, userId: number
 /** 一份提交的代码和它属于谁（老师在实验页里运行学生的程序时用） */
 export function submissionFiles(db: Database, submissionId: number) {
   const row = db
-    .query<{ files: string; assignment_id: number; title: string; name: string; username: string }, [number]>(
-      `SELECT s.files, s.assignment_id, a.title, u.name, u.username
+    .query<{ files: string; assignment_id: number; sample_id: string; title: string; name: string; username: string }, [number]>(
+      `SELECT s.files, s.assignment_id, a.sample_id, a.title, u.name, u.username
        FROM submissions s JOIN assignments a ON a.id = s.assignment_id JOIN users u ON u.id = s.user_id WHERE s.id = ?`,
     )
     .get(submissionId)
@@ -84,6 +84,8 @@ export function submissionFiles(db: Database, submissionId: number) {
   return {
     files: JSON.parse(row.files) as SourceFile[],
     assignmentId: row.assignment_id,
+    /** 作业基于的实验：运行时按它给实训台接线、建实验数据库 */
+    sampleId: row.sample_id,
     assignmentTitle: row.title,
     studentName: row.name,
     username: row.username,

server/src/run-session.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { mkdir, mkdtemp, rm } from 'node:fs/promises'
 import { dirname, join, normalize, resolve } from 'node:path'
 import type { Subprocess } from 'bun'
-import type { ClientMessage, RunnerInput, RunnerMessage, ServerMessage, SourceFile } from '@iot/shared'
+import type { ClientMessage, RunnerInput, RunnerMessage, ServerMessage, SourceFile, Wiring } from '@iot/shared'
 import { Board } from './board'
 import { compileService } from './compile-service'
 import { config } from './config'
@@ -129,6 +129,13 @@ export class RunSession {
     this.input(this.board.runnerInputs())
   }
 
+  /** 换成实验的接线（打开实验、运行时） */
+  setWiring(wiring: Wiring) {
+    if (!this.board.setWiring(wiring)) return
+    this.sendBoard()
+    this.input(this.board.runnerInputs())
+  }
+
   boardReset() {
     this.board.reset()
     this.sendBoard()

server/src/samples.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { readdir } from 'node:fs/promises'
 import { join, relative, resolve } from 'node:path'
-import type { SourceFile } from '@iot/shared'
+import { BOARD_PORTS, DEFAULT_WIRING, PORT_DEVICES, type SourceFile, type Wiring } from '@iot/shared'
 import { config } from './config'
 
 const SAMPLES_DIR = config.samplesDir
@@ -22,6 +22,30 @@ export async function listSamples(): Promise<SampleInfo[]> {
   return samples.sort((a, b) => a.id.localeCompare(b.id))
 }
 
+/** 浏览器传来的实验编号：是已有的示例才返回 */
+export async function knownSample(id: unknown): Promise<string | undefined> {
+  return typeof id === 'string' && (await listSamples()).some((s) => s.id === id) ? id : undefined
+}
+
+/**
+ * 实验的实训台接线：meta.json 的 wiring 只写和默认接线不同的设备，如项目 7 的 { "adam4150": "COM2" }。
+ * 没有这个实验（或没给 id）时用默认接线
+ */
+export async function sampleWiring(id?: string): Promise<Wiring> {
+  const wiring = { ...DEFAULT_WIRING }
+  if (!id) return wiring
+  const path = resolve(SAMPLES_DIR, id, 'meta.json')
+  if (!path.startsWith(`${SAMPLES_DIR}/`)) return wiring
+  const file = Bun.file(path)
+  if (!(await file.exists())) return wiring
+  const custom = ((await file.json()) as { wiring?: Partial<Wiring> }).wiring ?? {}
+  for (const device of PORT_DEVICES) {
+    const port = custom[device]
+    if (port !== undefined && BOARD_PORTS.includes(port)) wiring[device] = port
+  }
+  return wiring
+}
+
 export async function loadSample(id: string): Promise<SourceFile[] | null> {
   const dir = resolve(SAMPLES_DIR, id)
   if (!dir.startsWith(`${SAMPLES_DIR}/`)) return null